摘要
目的 分析2015—2017年重庆市新确诊职业病发病情况,为重庆市职业病防治政策的制定提供科学依据。方法 以2015年1月1日—2017年12月31日重庆市尘肺病和职业病报告卡上报数据建立数据库,采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计描述和分析。结果 2015—2017年,重庆市共报告新发职业病13 279例,患者平均发病年龄(52.39±8.69)岁,平均发病工龄(16.31±8.38)年。新发职业病包括9大类,其中尘肺病12 806例,占96.44%;职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病274例,占2.06%;职业中毒116例,占0.87%;其他职业病37例,占0.28%;职业性皮肤病13例,占0.10%;物理因素所致职业病12例,占0.09%;职业性眼病10例,占0.08%;职业性肿瘤6例,占0.05%;职业性传染病5例,占0.04%。不同年份职业病分类构成不同,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=186.875,P<0.05)。尘肺病以煤工尘肺为主,职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病以噪声聋为主,慢性职业中毒以苯中毒为主。新发职业病主要集中在渝东北地区和渝西地区,主要分布在采矿业、建筑业和制造业。结论 尘肺病是重庆市最主要的职业病,接触粉尘的工人是重庆市职业病防治的重点人群。为减少职业病的发生,职业卫生监督管理部门应制定分类监督管理办法,重点加强采矿业、建筑业和制造业的职业病防治工作。
[Objective] To analyze the prevalence of newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Chongqing from 2015-2017,provide scientific basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control policies in the city.[Methods]A database of pneumoconiosis and occupational disease report cards of Chongqing from January 1,2015 to December 31,2017 was established.SPSS 18.0 was adopted for statistical description and analysis.[Results]From 2015-2017,a total of 13 279 new cases of occupational disease were diagnosed in Chongqing. The average onset age of patients was 52.39±8.69 years old,and the average working age of onset was 16.31±8.38 years. The new cases of occupational disease included nine categories,and there were 12 806 cases(96.44%)of pneumoconiosis,274 cases(2.06%)of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases,116 cases(0.87%) of occupational poisoning,37 cases(0.28%)of other occupational disease,13 cases(0.10%)of occupational skin diseases,12 cases(0.09%)of occupational disease caused by physical factors,10 cases(0.08%)of occupational eye disease,6 cases(0.05%)of occupational tumor,and 5 cases(0.04%)of occupational infection. The difference in the classification composition of occupational diseases was statistically significant among different years(χ^2=186.875,P<0.05). The pneumoconiosis cases were mainly coal workers’ pneumoconiosis,the cases of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases were mainly noise deafness,and the cases of chronic occupational poisoning were mainly benzene poisoning. The new cases of occupational diseases were mainly concentrated in Northeast Chongqing and West Chongqing,and in mining,construction and manufacturing industries.[Conclusion]Pneumoconiosis is the main occupational disease in Chongqing,and the workers exposed to dust are the key population of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. In order to reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases,the occupational health supervision and management departments should formulate classified supervision and management measures,focusing on strengthening the prevention and control of occupational diseases in mining,construction and manufacturing industries.
作者
王小皙
张华东
袁方
李小平
WANG Xian-xi;ZHANG Hua-dong;YUAN Fang;LI Xiao-ping(Institute of Public Health and Safety Monitoring ,Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chongqing, China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2019年第8期1019-1021,1026,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
重庆市
职业病
发病情况
Chongqing
Occupational disease
Prevalence
