摘要
建国以来,中国科技体制改革进程大致可以分为六个阶段。第一阶段:1949-1977年,是科技管理体系和科研组织体系形成的时期;第二阶段:1978-1984年,重点是恢复科技体系,启动试点改革;第三阶段:1985-1994年,重点是简政放权,支持基础研究和高技术发展;第四阶段:1995-2000年,重点是调整科研体系,突出企业创新主体地位;第五阶段:2001-2011年,重点是建设创新体系,增强自主创新能力;第六阶段:2012年至今,重点是在全面深化改革中推进科技体制改革。新中国成立70年来,科技体制的建立和改革取得明显成效,但基础性制度短板已经成为制约科技进步和创新能力提升的关键所在。新一轮科技体制改革应继续围绕激发各类创新主体的积极性和创造性,深化国家科技计划和科研经费管理改革,破除束缚创新和成果转化的制度障碍。
Since the founding of the People s Republic of China,the reform process of China s science and technology system can be roughly divided into six stages.The first stage is 1949-1977,which is the period of the formation of China s scientific and technological management system and scientific research organization system.The second stage is 1978-1984,with emphasis on restoring the scientific and technological system and initiating pilot reforms.The third stage,1985-1994,focuses on streamlining government and delegating authorities,supporting basic research and high-tech development.The fourth stage is 1995-2000,which focuses on adjusting the scientific research system and highlighting the dominant position of enterprise in innovation.The fifth stage is 2001-2011,which focuses on building an innovation system and enhancing the ability of independent innovation.The sixth stage is from 2012 to the present,focusing on promoting the reform of science and technology system in the process of deepening reform in an all-round way.In the past 70 years,the establishment and reform of China s science and technology system have achieved remarkable results,but the shortcomings of basic system have become the key restriction for China s scientific and technological progress and innovation ability.The new round of S&T system reform should continue to focus on stimulating the initiative and creativity of all kinds of innovators,deepening the reform of the national S&T plan and the management of scientific research funds,and breaking down the institutional obstacles that restrict innovation and transformation of achievements.
作者
马名杰
张鑫
Ma Mingjie;Zhang Xin(Research Department of Innovation Development,Development Research Center of the State Council,Beijing 100010,China)
出处
《中国科技论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期1-8,共8页
Forum on Science and Technology in China
关键词
科技体制
改革
历程
展望
Science and Technology System
Reform
History
Prospect
