摘要
目的:动态平衡对于维持身体姿势,完成各种动作有着重要作用。探讨膝关节作为控制人体平衡的重要关节,在不同侧支撑时的动态平衡中双侧膝关节各自所起的作用,以及不同侧支撑时的动态平衡与下肢爆发力的关系。方法:通过对62名综合性项目运动员进行下肢Y平衡测试(Y-balance test,YBT)、蹲跳(squat jump,SJ)、下蹲跳(countermovementjump,CMJ)和膝关节等速肌力测试。评估运动员的动态平衡,分析不同侧支撑时的动态平衡与双侧膝关节屈、伸肌肌力,下肢爆发力之间的关系。结果:1)运动员下肢Y平衡测试综合得分较高,后内、后外侧距离较远,前侧距离相对较近,但普遍存在两侧不对称的现象;2)Y平衡测试前侧、后内、后外侧距离及综合得分与膝关节屈、伸肌肌力,与蹲跳、下蹲跳的高度呈不同程度的正相关,仅右腿支撑的前侧距离与触碰腿屈膝肌力不具有相关性;3)左侧支撑时,Y平衡测试前侧距离与支撑腿和触碰腿膝关节屈、伸肌的相关系数高于右侧支撑时相对应指标(支撑腿的屈肌除外),伸肌表现更为明显;4)无论右侧支撑还是左侧支撑,Y平衡测试后内、后外侧距离及综合得分与右膝关节屈、伸肌肌力的相关系数高于左膝关节相对应指标,仅右侧支撑时后外方向的屈肌除外;5)不同侧支撑时,Y平衡测试各方向得分高的一侧与蹲跳、下蹲跳高度相关系数均略高于得分低的一侧。结论:综合性项目运动员的动态平衡较好,但普遍存在两侧功能的非对称现象;屈、伸膝肌力对保持良好的动态平衡有着重要作用,但在不同侧支撑时的姿势控制策略存在一定差异,左侧支撑时Y平衡测试前侧方向更多的需要伸膝肌参与,而Y平衡测试后内、后外侧方向,无论右侧支撑还是左侧支撑更需要右膝肌群的参与;良好的动态平衡有助于爆发力的发展。
Objective:Dynamic balance plays an important role in maintaining body posture and performing various actions.As an important joint controlling the balance of human body,the knee joint has no corresponding research on the role of the bilateral knee joint in the dynamic balance of different lateral supports and the relationship between the explosive force of the lower limbs.Y-balance test(YBT),squat jump(SJ),countermovement jump(CMJ)and knee joint isokinetic strength tests were performed on 62 comprehensive athletes to assess the dynamic balance of the athletes,and analyze the relationship between the dynamic balance of different lateral supports,the flexion and extensor muscle strength of the knee joints and the explosive power of the lower limbs.Results:1)The anterior distance of lower extremity Y-balance test of athletes was relatively low,while the distance between the posteromedial and posterolateral was bigger,and the comprehensive score was higher.However,there were ubiquitous asymmetries on both sides.2)The anterior,posteromedial,posterolateral distances and the combined scores of Y-balance test showed different positively correlation with knee flexion,extensor strength,squat jump(SJ),and countermovement jump(CMJ)height.Only distance between the anterior of the right side support and the touch leg flexion muscle strength was not relevant.3)When the left side was supported,the correlation coefficient between the anterior distance of the Y-balance test,the flexion and extensor muscles of the knee joint of the support leg and the touch leg was higher than the corresponding index of the right support(except for the flexor muscle of the support leg).Extensor muscle performance was more pronounced.4)Regardless of the right or left side support,the correlation coefficient between the posteromedial,posterolateral distances,the composite score of the Y-balance test,the flexion and extension muscle strength of the right knee joint was higher than the corresponding index of the left knee joint,excluding the posterolateral flexor of the right support.5)When the support was different,the correlation coefficient between the high score of each side of the Y-balance test and squat jump(SJ),countermovement jump(CMJ)height was slightly higher than the lower score.Conclusion:The comprehensive athletes have better dynamic balance,but the asymmetry of the functions on both sides is common.The flexion and extension of muscle strength of the knee joints play important roles in maintaining a good dynamic balance.However,the posture control strategies in different limbs support exist difference.On the left side support,the Y-balance test needs more knee joint extensor muscles in the anterior direction.Whether with the right or left side supports,posteromedial and posterolateral of the Y-balance test need more involvement of the right knee muscle group.Good dynamic balance contributes to the development of explosive force.
作者
唐桥
张海忠
TANG Qiao;ZHANG Haizhong(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Military Sports Training Center,Beijing 100072,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期65-71,80,共8页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
军事体育运动大队训练部科研所课题(201603)
关键词
综合性项目
动态平衡
下肢
膝关节
爆发力
等速肌力
comprehensive sports
dynamic balance
lower limb
knee joint
explosive force isokinetic strength
