摘要
通过农户抽样调查的方法,分析研究了湖南省2016—2017年度油菜施肥情况。结果表明:所调查的农户100%施用了化肥,而仅有11.2%农户施用了有机肥。N∶P2O5∶K2O的比例为1∶0.42∶0.51,而高化肥氮投入量前50%的样本中,化肥平均投入量的N∶P2O5∶K2O比例为1∶0.36∶0.36。结合湖南省推荐施肥量分析表明,30%、50%的农户分别有约30%、20%的节氮、磷空间,30%的农户有18.4%的节钾空间,50%的农户有5.7%的节钾空间。油菜施肥次数以2次所占比例最高,基本施肥方式为基肥+1次追肥、苗床肥+基肥,45.6%的氮肥作基肥施用。由此提出湖南省油菜种植的改进措施主要有:提倡有机肥替减化肥;营养元素协同增效减肥;应用新型肥料与改进施肥方法。
The fertilization of rape in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2017 was analyzed and investigated by means of sampling survey of farmers.The results showed that out of the total farmers surveyed 100% applied chemical fertilizer, only 11.2% applied organic fertilizer. The ratio of N ∶ P2O5 ∶ K2O was 1 ∶ 0.42 ∶ 0.51;while in the top 50% samples of high nitrogen input, the average fertilizer input ratio of N ∶ P2O5 ∶ K2O was 1 ∶ 0.36 ∶ 0.36. According to the analysis refering to fertilizer application recommended in Hunan Province, 30% and 50% of farmers had about 30% and 20% space for saving nitrogen and phosphorus respectively, 30% of farmers had 18.4% space for saving potassium, and 50% of farmers had 5.7% space for saving potassium.The highest proportion of rape fertilization times was twice. The basic fertilization methods were base fertilizer with once topdressing, seedbed fertilizer with base fertilizer, and 45.6% nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer. Therefore, the improvement measures of rape cultivation in Hunan Province were proposed as follows: advocating organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer;nutrient elements synergism in coordination and reducing chemical fertilizer;application of new fertilizers and improvement of fertilization methods.
作者
胡宇倩
张秋平
鲁艳红
李旭霞
杨志长
宋海星
HU Yu-qian;ZHANG Qiu-ping;LU Yan-hong;LI Xu-xia;YANG Zhi-chang;SONG Hai-xing(School of Resources and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, HunanProvincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in HunanProvince, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PRC)
出处
《湖南农业科学》
2019年第4期31-36,共6页
Hunan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200906)
关键词
油菜
施肥
减肥空间
湖南
rape
fertilization
reducing fertilization space
Hunan
