摘要
以公路建设为代表的线性工程已成为西藏生态环境保护的重要压力来源之一。本文对波密县通麦-八盖公路沿线植物群落结构与多样性进行系统调查和统计分析,以期为研究区生态保护提供科学理论参考。研究结果表明:研究区群落以藏川杨+鸡骨柴+银莲花、禾草群落、藏川杨+木姜子+银莲花、禾草群落和尼泊尔桤木+高山松苗、蔷薇+蛇莓群落等5种为主;群落中共有植物98种,分属48科84属,乔木主要有尼泊尔桤木、高山松和藏川杨等25种,分属16科23属,蔷薇和桦木科植物分布最多;灌木主要有悬钩子、鸡骨柴和牛奶子等44种,分属21科36属,蔷薇科植物分布最多;草本植物主要有苔草、沿阶草和蛇莓等23种,分属15科23属,以菊科和百合科植物最多;藤本主要有八月瓜、铁线莲等6种,分属4科5属。波密县通麦-八盖公路沿线植物群落结构简单,物种相对丰富,但由于特殊的地质地貌条件,生态较为脆弱。因此在工程实施过程中,应尽量减少开挖面积,对已开挖的裸露山体应做好加固保护,对料场、渣场应及时做好围挡、覆盖以及绿化等;对施工区域的珍稀濒危植物可采取异地迁移保护措施。
Linear engineering represented by highway construction has become one of the great pressure in ecological environment protect of Tibet. This study systematically analyzed plant community structure characteristics and diversity along the Tongmai-Bagai Highway in Bomi County, in order to provide the scientific theoretical reference for the ecological protect. The results showed that the community was dominated by Populus szechuanica var. tibetica+Elsholtzia fruticosa+Anemone cathayensis, herb community, Populus szechuanica var. tibetica+Salix cupularis +Anemone cathayensis Kitag, herb community, Alnus nepalensis D. Don + Litsea pungens Hemsl, Rosaceous + Duchesnea indica. There were 98 kinds of main plants along the Highway, belonging to 48 families and 84 genus. There were 25 species of arbor, such as Alnus nepalensis, Pinus densata and Populus szechuanica var. tibetica, which belonged to 16 families and 23 genus, with the largest number of plants of Rosaceae and Betulaceae. There were 44 species of shrubs, such as Rubus corchorifolius, Elsholtzia fruticosa( D. Don) Rehd.and Elaeagus umbellate Thunb, which belonged to 21 families and 36 genus. The species of Rosaceous plant were the most and there were 23 species of herbaceous plants, such as Carex spp.Ophiopogon bodinieriand Duchesnea indica(Andr.)Focke, belonging to 15 families and 23 genus, with the largest number of plants of Compositae and Liliaceae. There were six kinds of vines plants, such as Holboellia latifolia and Clematis florida, which belonged to 4 families and 5 genus. The plant communities along the Tongmai-Bagai Highway in Bomi County are simple in structure and relatively rich in species, but due to special geological and geomorphological conditions, the ecology is relatively fragile. During the project implementation process, the excavation area should be minimized, and the excavated mountain should be strengthened. In the material yard and slag yard, measures such as enclosure, coverage and greening should be done in time. During the construction period, relocation protection measures should be taken for the rare and endangered plants in the construction area.
作者
喻武
梁博
万丹
杨东升
YU Wu;LIANG Bo;WAN Dan;YANG Dongsheng(Resources & Environment College,Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University,NyingchiTibet,860000,China)
出处
《高原农业》
2019年第3期239-248,254,共11页
Journal of Plateau Agriculture
基金
水利部水土保持植物开发管理中心资助项目“高海拔寒区线性工程生物治理关键技术研究”(2017-zg-zx-57)
关键词
波密县
公路
群落结构
保护
Bomi County
highway
plant community structure
protection
