摘要
【目的】探明在自然降雨条件下化学钾肥配施有机肥对烟草云烟87生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响,为贵州省黔东南州烟草种植区烟草钾肥的合理施用提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间小区试验,设置4种施钾水平,分别为0水平(K_0:0 kg/hm^2)、1水平(K_1:120 kg/hm^2)、2水平(K_2:240 kg/hm^2)和3水平(K_3:360 kg/hm^2),4个施肥处理,同时每个处理配施有机肥(菜枯,M)2 250 kg/hm^2,调查各处理烟草在生育期内烟株主要的农艺性状、病害发生情况、烘烤后烟叶的经济性状和烟叶产量。【结果】在成熟期,K_3处理烟株各项农艺性状除节间距外均显著优于K_0处理(p<0.05),与K_0处理相比,K_3处理烟株的株高、最大叶面积、叶片数、茎围、节间距和根体积依次分别增加了27.64%、35.16%、56.38%、35.36%、17.06%和63.03%,与K_2处理相比,K_3处理相应指标增加了2.55%、4.83%、2.21%、29.27%、16.43%、22.64%。与K_0处理相比,K_3处理烟株的赤星病、花叶病和黑胫病的发病率分别降低了51.69%、41.16%和45.35%,病情指数分别降低了44.27%、28.87%和41.56%,K_2处理相应病情发病率分别降低了28.63%、22.30%、35.61%;病指数分别降低了34.68%、10.18%、31.40%。随着施钾增加烟叶产量呈增加趋势,K_3处理烟叶的产量和产值比K_0处理分别提高了26.60%和36.03%,上等烟和中上等烟比例分别提高5.82%和2.26%,K_3处理产值显著高于K_0、K_1、K_2处理。【结论】与其他施肥处理相比,K_3处理烟株大田长势好,农艺性状好,抗病能力强,可提高产量和经济效益。
【Objective】Plant growth relies on soil nutrients, and the objective of this paper is to study the efficacy of combining use of potassium fertilizer and manure to improve growth, yield and economic return of rainfed tobacco.【Method】The variety of Yunyan 87 was used as the model. The experiment was conducted at a field plot in Qiandongnan prefecture, Guizhou province. We considered four potassium fertilizer levels: 0 kg/hm^2(K0), 120 kg/hm^2(K1), 240 kg/hm^2(K2) and 360 kg/hm^2(K3), each applied with 2 250 kg/hm^2 of manure(rapeseed cake, M). The main agronomic traits, diseases, economic characters and yield of flue-cured tobacco were measured in each experiment.【Result】At mature stage, the agronomic characters(except internodal length) of the tobacco in K3 were significantly better than that in K0(p<0.05), with plant height, maximum leaf area, leaf area, stem girth, internodal length and root volume increasing by 27.64%, 35.16%, 56.38%, 35.36%, 17.06% and 63.03%, respectively. K3 reduced red star disease, mosaic and black shank by 51.69%, 41.16% and 45.35%, respectively, compared to the control;and it also decreased disease index of red star disease, and increased yield, economic return, value and proportion of grade-A and grade-B tobacco leaves by26.60%, 36.03%, 5.82% and 2.26%, respectively.【Conclusion】K3 was most effective in improving growth, economic return, disease resistance, as well as yield, compared to other treatments.
作者
汤宏
张杨珠
曾掌权
王建伟
李向阳
刘伦沛
严红光
TANG Hong;ZHANG Yangzhu;ZENG Zhangquan;WANG Jianwei;LI Xiangyang;LIU Lunpei;YAN Hongguang(School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, China;College of Resources and Environment, HunanAgricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Hengshan Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, HunanAcademy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期25-30,45,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合LH字[2014]7220)
贵州省教育厅特色重点实验室项目(黔教合KY字[2017]011)
关键词
烟草
施钾量
生长
产量
雨养
tobacco
potassium application rate
growth
yield
Rainfed
