摘要
为探索秸秆覆盖免耕条件下机械除草效果,在大田试验条件下,分别设计机械除草、化学除草2种除草方式,调查、分析了玉米和大豆田杂草种类和数量、土壤温度、产量以及经济效益。结果表明,玉米和大豆田机械除草后虽然杂草株数减少,但是杂草密度仍为36.50株/m^2和28.25株/m^2,分别是化学除草的8.1倍和4.5倍。玉米机械除草提高5cm土壤温度0.75℃,玉米和大豆机械除草降低高温期(6月26日~7月19日)10cm土壤温度0.57℃和0.69℃,降低15cm土壤温度1.03℃和1.27℃。玉米和大豆机械除草产量分别较化学除草降低29.0%和38.0%,净利润分别降低4372.5元/hm^2和4317.6元/hm^2。在本试验条件下,机械除草降低产量和经济效益,化学除草效果更好。
In order to explore the effect of mechanical weeding under straw mulching condition, the research was conducted in field experimental condition and two different treatments were set, mechanical weed control and chemical weed control. The species and number of weeds, soil temperature, yield and economic benefits were investigated and analyzed in maize and soybean production process. The results showed that although the number of weeds decreased with mechanical weed control for maize and soybean, the weed density was still 36.50 plants/m^2 and 28.25 plants/m^2,which was 8.1 and 4.5 times higher than that of chemical weed control, respectively. Under the mechanical weed control, the 5 cm soil temperature of maize was improved 0.75℃, but 10 cm and 15 cm soil temperature of maize and soybean were reduced 0.57℃, 0.69℃ and 1.03℃, 1.27℃ respectively in high temperature period(from June 26 to July 19). Compared with chemical weed control, the yield of mechanical weed control was reduced by29.0% and 38.0% for maize and soybean, and the net profit decreased by 4 372.5 yuan/ha and 4 317.6 yuan/ha, respectively. Therefore, mechanical weed control reduces the yield and economic benefits and chemical weed control is more effective under the current experimental conditions.
作者
李瑞平
罗洋
谢瑞芝
郑洪兵
王浩
刘武仁
郑金玉
李少昆
LI Ruiping;LUO Yang;XIE Ruizhi;ZHENG Hongbing;WANG Hao;LIU Wuren;ZHENG Jinyu;LI Shaokun(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences /Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture, Changchun 130033;Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081;Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)
出处
《东北农业科学》
北大核心
2019年第2期1-6,共6页
Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116-15)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20160203001NY)
国家重点研发计划子课题(2017YFD0300603-2、2018YFD0300202-7、2016YFD03002)
农业部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放基金项目(KLPC2018-2)
吉林省农业科技创新工程自由创新项目(CXGC2017ZY017、CXGC2017ZY009)
关键词
秸秆覆盖
免耕
除草
土壤温度
经济效益
Straw mulch
No-tillage
Weed control
Soil temperature
Economic benefits
