摘要
为促进盐碱耕地的快速改良和高效利用,研究了鲁西北内陆盐碱耕地在等氮量投入条件下施用有机物配施化肥对盐碱耕地的改良作用和效果,试验设置了对照(不施肥),单施化肥,牛粪与化肥配施,麦秸与化肥配施共4个处理,各施肥处理按等氮量投入。结果表明,每公顷施用牛粪75m3配施化肥、麦秸75000kg与化肥配施的改良作用明显优于单施化肥和对照处理。(1)耕层0~20cm土壤有机质变化:施用牛粪加化肥处理由8.07g/kg提高到11.18g/kg,增加了3.11g/kg;麦秸加化肥处理由8.26g/kg提高到10.16g/kg,增加了1.90g/kg;而单施化肥处理由8.16g/kg提高到8.52g/kg,增加了0.36g/kg,与不施肥(对照)无显著差异;(2)耕层EC值改变:施用牛粪加化肥处理由1.08dS/m降低到0.43dS/m,减少60.8%,盐渍化等级由中度改良为轻度;麦秸与化肥配施由1.05dS/m降低到0.68dS/m,减少35.5%,盐渍化等级由中度改良接近为轻度;单施化肥由1.07dS/m降低到0.88dS/m,降幅为17.8%;盐渍化等级无明显变化;(3)土壤物理性状:牛粪与化肥配施和麦秸配施化肥处理的土壤总孔隙度分别增加38.5%和23.0%,土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌数量均有大幅度增加,土壤转化酶活性有显著提高;(4)作物产量大幅提高:冬小麦季,对照为738kg/hm^2,单施化肥为3832kg/hm^2,牛粪配施化肥达到6386kg/hm^2,麦秸配施化肥达到4418kg/hm^2,与单施化肥产量相比,牛粪与化肥配施增产65%,麦秸与化肥配施增产15%;夏玉米季,对照为1528kg/hm^2,单施化肥为4263kg/hm^2,牛粪配施化肥达到7616kg/hm^2,麦秸配施化肥达到6352kg/hm^2,与单施化肥产量相比,牛粪与化肥配施增产79%,麦秸与化肥配施增产49%。因此,盐碱地采取牛粪或麦秸与化肥配合施用,可增加土壤微生物数量,改善土壤结构,降低土壤盐分,大幅提高作物产量,是快速、绿色、高效改良盐碱地的有效措施。
In order to accelerate the improvement process and efficient utilization of saline alkali soil,the effect of applying organic material combined with chemical fertilizer to salt and alkali soil under equal nutrient input conditions in northwest of Shandong Province were tested and studied.Four treatments were set up,including:①Control;②F:Single application of fertilizer N 300 kg/hm^2,P2O5 160 kg/hm^2,K2O 160 kg/hm^2;③MF:75 m^3 of cow manure and chemical fertilizer (N 135,P2O5 75,K2O 70 kg/hm^2)were applied for each hectare;④SF:7 500 kg of wheat straw and chemical fertilizer (N 135,P2O5 75,K2O 45 kg/hm^2),and equal N input rates were applied.The results showed that (1)The soil organic matter in surface layer 0~20 cm of MF treatment increased from 8.07 g/kg to 11.18 g/kg,with an increase of 3.11 g/kg,and that of SF treatment increased from 8.26 g/kg to 10.16 g/kg,with an increase of 1.90 g/kg.However,for the F treatment it increased from 8.16 g/kg to 8.52 g/kg,with an increase of 0.36 g/kg,which was not significantly different from that of control.(2)The total EC content of the surface layer of MF reduced from 1.08 dS/m to 0.43 dS/m,with a decrease of 60.8%;For the SF treatment it decreased from 1.05 dS/m to 0.68 dS/m,reducing by 35.5%,while for F treatment it reduced from 1.07 dS/m to 0.88 dS/m by 17.8%.(3)Total soil porosity of MF and SF treatments increased by 38.5% and 23.0% respectively,the number of soil fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes increased significantly,and the activity of soil invertase increased significantly.(4)In winter wheat season,the yields of the control,F,MF and SF were 738,3 832,6 386 and 4 418 kg/hm^2,respectively.Compared with F treatment,the yields of MF and CF treatments were increased by 65% and 15%,respectively.In the summer maize season,the yields of the control,F,MF and SF were 1 528,4 263,7 616,and 6 352 kg/hm2,respectively.Compared with F treatment,the yields of MF and CF treatments were increased by 79% and 49%,respectively.Therefore,combination of organic matter with chemical fertilizer in saline-alkali soil can improve soil fertility,increase soil biological activity,improve soil structure,reduce soil salinity and significantly increase crop yield.Therefore,the combination of organic matter with chemical fertilizer is an effective measure to improve saline-alkali soil.
作者
马桂秀
林治安
李志杰
温延臣
MA Gui-xiu;LIN Zhi-an;LI Zhi-jie;WEN Yan-chen(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Anqiu Agriculture Bureau of Shandong Province,Anqiu Shandong 262100)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期69-75,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
山东盐碱地粮经饲绿色开发关键技术研究与示范(2016CYJS05A01-4)
国家小麦产业体系德州综合试验站(CARS-03-2-25)
关键词
盐渍土改良
有机物料
化肥
有机无机配施
improvement of saline soil
organic materials
chemical fertilizer
combination of chemical fertilizer and organic materials
