摘要
目的:为医药企业提高研发能力、改善研发投入策略提供参考。方法:收集我国西南地区13家上市医药企业的年报数据,以固定资产、营业成本、在职员工数量、研发投入金额为投入指标,以净利润、营业收入、每股收益为产出指标,采用超效率数据包络分析(DEA)模型,运用MyDEA1.0软件计算运营效率值,对比各企业在有、无研发投入两种情况下的企业运营效率和研发投入对企业的贡献度,并采用SPSS20.0软件进行Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较两者差异。结果:2013-2015年,13家上市医药企业中有10家企业加大了研发投入,表明西南地区上市医药企业对研发投入越发重视。连续3年13家上市医药企业中有研发投入企业的效率值明显高于无研发投入企业,且前者达到DEA有效的数量较多,表明研发投入与医药企业运营效率呈正相关;经Wilcoxon符号秩检验也证实研发投入是有效投入。有3家企业加入研发投入指标后运营效率得到改善,研发贡献度较大;有5家企业研发贡献度为零,无论是否加入研发投入其效率值均不变;其余各上市医药企业各年研发贡献度差异较大。结论:建议在行业总体层面,企业应在加大研发投入力度的同时注意提升研发效率,建立完善的研发创新体系和研发人才培养机制,建立“产、学、研”一体化的培养方式;政府也应创造环境支持医药企业的研发活动。而在企业个体层面,不同的企业应该根据自身实际采用不同的策略,以提高研发投入对企业运营效率的拉动作用。
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for pharmaceutical enterprises to enhance the R&D capability and improve the R&D investment strategy.METHODS:The annual report data of 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China were collcted.Taking fixed assets,operating costs,the number of employees in service and the amount of R&D investment as input indicators,net profit,operating income and earnings per share as output indicators,the efficiency values were calculated by using MyDEA 1.0 software based on super-efficiency DEA model.The operating efficiency of enterprises with or without R&D input were compared;the contribution rate of R&D investment to enterprises were calculated.Finally,Wilcoxon symbolic rank test was carried out by using SPSS 20.0 software to compare the difference.RESULTS:From 2013 to 2015,10 of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises had increased their R&D investment,which indicated that listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China paid more attention to R&D investment.For three consecutive years,the efficiency value of R&D investment of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises was significantly higher than that of the enterprises without R&D investment,and the number of the former reaching DEA efficiency was more,indicating that R&D investment was positively correlated with the operational efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises.The Wilcoxon symbol rank test also confirmed that R&D investment was an effect input.After three enterprises joined the R&D input index,their operational efficiency was improved,and their R&D contribution was greater.Five enterprises had zero R&D contribution,their efficiency value remained unchanged whether or not they joined R&D input.The R&D contribution of other listed pharmaceutical enterprises varied greatly in each year.CONCLUSIONS:At the overall level of the industry,enterprises should increase their R&D investment and pay attention to improving R&D efficiency,establish a sound R&D innovation system and R&D personnel training mechanism,establish an integrated training mode of production,learning and research;the government should create an environment to support R&D activities of pharmaceutical enterprises.For individual enterprises,different strategies should be adopted based on practical situation in order to improve the pulling effect of R&D input on the operational efficiency of enterprises.
作者
张丹
周戈耀
田海玉
陈文佼
孟小夏
ZHANG Dan;ZHOU Geyao;TIAN Haiyu;CHEN Wenjiao;MENG Xiaoxia(School of Medical and Health Management,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《中国药房》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第12期1585-1590,共6页
China Pharmacy
基金
贵州省科学技术厅学术新苗项目(No.贵黔科平台人才〔2017〕5718)
贵州医科大学人文社科理论创新课题(No.GZYKDXRWSK-2018-XSKLQN-4)
关键词
超效率数据包络分析模型
研发投入
西南地区
上市医药企业
研发贡献度
Super-efficiency DEA model
R&D input
Southwest China
Listed pharmaceutical enterprises
Contribution rate of R&D
