摘要
目的:探讨5岁以下喘息性支气管炎的临床特征及发展为支气管哮喘的相关因素。方法:选取某院2015年1月~2016年12月收治的5岁以下喘息性支气管炎患儿160例,分析喘息性支气管炎患儿临床体征;随访2年,整理统计相关资料,运用单因素分析及Logistic多因素分析,找出喘息性支气管炎发展为支气管哮喘的相关因素。结果:喘息性支气管炎临床:多发于1~3岁的小儿,临床表现多有上呼吸道感染症状,突发呼气性呼吸困难,肺部可闻及对称性以呼气相为主的喘鸣音。本组160例患儿中,随访期间有42例患儿发展为支气管哮喘,发病率为26.25%;经单因素分析结果显示,未发展为支气管哮喘与发展为支气管哮喘的患儿在母乳喂养时间、是否按时接种卡介苗、是否为易过敏体质、是否被动吸烟、是否应用免疫球蛋白治疗、有无哮喘家庭史、是否肥胖等方面相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在性别、是否饲养宠物方面相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经Logistic多因素分析,按时接种BCG、母乳喂养>4个月、应用免疫球蛋白治疗是喘息性支气管炎发展为支气管哮喘的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05);而易过敏体质、被动吸烟、哮喘家庭史、肥胖是发展为支气管哮喘的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论:喘息性支气管炎受多种因素影响可发展为支气管哮喘,因此临床医护人员应积极对监护人行健康宣教,普及相关知识,提倡母乳喂养(时间>4个月),按时接种BCG、应用免疫球蛋白,增强体质,为小儿提供无烟环境,减轻体重,以降低喘息性支气管炎发展为支气管哮喘发生的几率。
Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of asthmatic bronchitis under 5 years old and the related factors for the development of bronchial asthma. Methods: 160 children under 5 years old with asthmatic bronchitis admitted to a hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected to analyze the clinical signs of the children with asthmatic bronchitis. After 2 years of follow-up, statistical data were collected, and the related factors of asthmatic bronchitis developing into bronchial asthma were found by univariate analysis and Logistic multifactor analysis. Results: The clinical features of asthmatic bronchitis were as follows: children aged 1~3 years were more likely to have upper respiratory tract infections, sudden dyspnea, and pulmonary audible and symmetrical wheezing voices dominated by expiratory phase. Among the 160 children in the group, 42 developed bronchial asthma during the follow-up period, with an incidence of 26.25%. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between children who did not develop bronchial asthma and developed bronchial asthma on breast-feeding time, whether they received BCG vaccine on time, whether they were allergic, whether they smoked passively, whether they were treated with immunoglobulin, whether they had asthma or not, whether obesity(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in sex and pet ownership(P>0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that BCG, breast feeding>4 months and immunoglobulin therapy were protective factors for asthmatic bronchitis to develop into bronchial asthma(OR< 1, P<0.05). However, allergic constitution, passive smoking, family history of asthma and obesity were risk factors for the development of bronchial asthma(OR>1,P<0.05). Conclusion: Asthmatic bronchitis can develop into bronchial asthma due to various factors. Therefore, clinicians and nurses should actively educate the guardians about their health, popularize relevant knowledge, promote breast feeding(>4 months), inoculate BCG on time, apply immunoglobulin, improve their health, provide smokeless environment for children and reduce their weight so as to reduce the incidence of development of asthmatic bronchitis into bronchial asthma.
作者
郭彩云
张金凤
魏楚洪
姚龙燕
孙艳娜
Guo Caiyun(Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Medical University Shunde Women and Children's Hospital (Foshan Shunde District Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Foshan 528300)
出处
《数理医药学杂志》
2019年第7期1020-1022,共3页
Journal of Mathematical Medicine
关键词
5岁以下
喘息性支气管炎
临床特征
支气管哮喘
相关因素
under 5 years old
asthmatic bronchitis
clinical features
bronchial asthma
related factors
