摘要
为了明确疏勒河流域极端水文事件对极端气候事件的响应关系,选取疏勒河流域内及其周边的托勒、敦煌、瓜州、玉门、酒泉、马鬃山等气象站点的气温、降水和蒸发的日值数据,昌马堡水文站的日径流数据,通过趋势分析、滑动平均、主成分分析等方法,分析疏勒河流域极端气候指数、极端水文事件的年际变化规律以及影响极端水文事件的因素,并明确该流域极端洪水年内分布特征。结果表明:疏勒河流域年际气温升高趋势明显,降水量呈波动变化,增加趋势不明显,而蒸发量呈下降的变化趋势。表征高温的极端气温指数呈显著上升趋势,表征低温的极端气温指数呈显著下降趋势,说明疏勒河流域气温增幅明显。极端降水指数呈显著的增加趋势。该流域极端洪水事件和频次呈上升趋势,而极端枯水事件和频次呈下降趋势。极端洪水事件主要受控于极端降水事件,特别是极端降水总量,极端高温事件对极端洪水总量的增加也有影响,而极端枯水事件主要受控于极端低温事件。此外,2000-2016年年最大洪峰流量出现的时间有由8月向7月转变的趋势。
In order to clarify the response of extreme hydrological events to extreme weather events in the Shule River Basin, the daily value data of temperature, precipitation and evaporation in the Shule River Basin and its surrounding meteorological stations, such as Tuole, Dunhuang, Guazhou, Yumen, Jiuquan and Mazongshan, are selected, the daily runoff data of the Changmabao Hydrological Station is also selected. Through the methods of trend analysis, moving average and principal component analysis, this study analyzed the extreme climate indices, the interannual variation law of extreme hydrological events and the factors affecting extreme hydrological events in Shule River Basin, and clarified the annual distribution characteristics of extreme floods in the basin. The results show that the interannual temperature rises in the Shule River Basin is obvious, the precipitation fluctuations change, there is no obvious increasing trend, and the evaporation shows a downward trend. The extreme temperature indices indicating high temperature showed a significant upward trend, and the extreme temperature indices indicating low temperature showed a significant downward trend, indicating that the temperature in Shule River Basin increased significantly. The extreme precipitation indices showed an significant increase. The extreme flood events and frequency in this basin showed an upward trend, while the extreme dry events and frequency showed a downward trend. Extreme flood events are mainly controlled by extreme precipitation events, especially the total amount of extreme precipitation. Extreme high temperature events also affect the increase of the total amount of extreme flood, while extreme dry events are mainly controlled by extreme low temperature events. In addition, the occurrence time of the largest peak flow in 2000-2016 has advanced from August to July.
作者
程玉菲
程文举
胡想全
金彦兆
CHENG Yufei;CHENG Wenju;HU Xiangquan;ZHAO Jinyan(Gansu Research institute of Water Conservancy,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Northwest institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of Eco-hydrology of Inland River Basin,Chinese Academy of Sciences Alxa Desert Eco-Hydrological Experimental Research Station,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 10049,China)
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期583-592,共10页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目课题(2016YFC0400908)
中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)区域重点项目“敦煌洪水资源化利用与生态治理试验示范”
关键词
疏勒河流域
极端水文事件
极端气候指数
洪水
Shule River Basin
extreme hydrological events
extreme climate indices
flood
