摘要
为研究地铁同站台高架换乘车站发生火灾事故的疏散模式,以具有该换乘形式的某实体车站的全尺寸火灾实验烟气扩散规律为基础,使用buildingEXODUS软件研究该车站站厅、站台、设备区、停靠列车等多个区域火灾场景下乘客疏散所需的时间。对比分析站厅中部闸机、站厅楼扶梯入口及站厅出入口附近3处发生火灾的场景,分别研究地铁车站内闸机及栅栏门、自动扶梯、应急出口等设施的运行状态对于疏散结果的影响,获取每种工况下的疏散时间,3种火灾场景下,上行扶梯关闭、所有闸机及栅栏门打开、应急出口打开能够有效减少疏散时间,火源位于楼扶梯入口时对疏散时间的影响最大;研究站台中部、站台楼扶梯入口2处发生火灾的场景下,扶梯运行状态对于疏散时间的影响,上行扶梯停止运行后的乘客疏散时间相较于扶梯上行时分别降低41%,35%;分析设备区火灾对于设备区内工作人员疏散时间与乘客疏散时间的影响,由于工作人员数量相对较少,对车站整体疏散时间影响不明显;对比分析4B编组列车车头、车中及车尾发生火灾的场景对于乘客疏散时间的影响,火源位于车中时对疏散时间的影响最大。
To study the evacuation patterns in the one-platform interchange elevated metro station under fire accident, based on the smoke diffusion laws of full-scale fire experiments in an actual station with this interchange form, the required evacuation time of passengers in the fire scenes of multiple areas such as hall, platform, equipment area and stopping train in this station were studied by using the buildingEXODUS software. The fire scenes around the middle gate, stairs and escalators entrances and exits of hall in the metro station were compared and analyzed, then the influence of running status of gates and fences, escalators, emergency exits and other facilities in the metro station on the evacuation results were studied respectively, and the evacuation time under each working condition were obtained. The results showed that in three fire scenes, closing the up-escalators, opening all the gates and fences, and opening the emergency exits would reduce the evacuation time effectively, and when the fire source was located at the stairs and escalators entrances, the influence on the evacuation time was the greatest. The influence of running status of escalators on the evacuation time in the fire scenes at the middle part and the stairs and escalators entrances of platform was studied, it showed that the passengers evacuation time when the up-escalators stopped running reduced by 41% and 35% respectively compared with that when the escalators kept running. The influence of fire in the equipment area on the evacuation time of staff in the equipment area and passengers was analyzed, it showed that the influence on the overall evacuation time of station was not obvious because the quantity of staff was relatively less. The influence of fire scenes at the head stock, middle part and tail of 4B marshaling train on the evacuation time of passengers were compared and analyzed, it showed that the influence on the evacuation time was the greatest when the fire source was located at the middle part of train.
作者
李丹辰
钟茂华
梅棋
刘畅
肖衍
LI Danchen;ZHONG Maohua;MEI Qi;LIU Chang;XIAO Yan(Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Rail and Transit Design & Research Institute CO., LTD., Beijing 100068,China;College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang Liaoning 110819,China)
出处
《中国安全生产科学技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期5-11,共7页
Journal of Safety Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0802500)
国家自然科学基金项目(51425404,71790613)
关键词
高架车站
同站台换乘
火灾
疏散模拟
elevated station
one-platform interchange
fire
evacuation simulation
