摘要
基于行业异质性和区域异质性假设,本文构建三层级共同前沿SBM-DEA模型(Slack Based Measure-Data Envelopment Analysismodel),测定2000年至2014年我国3类旅游企业(旅行社、星级酒店、景区)无效率与Luenberger生产率,并对其进行分解。基于异质性考虑将无效率指标分解为行业异质性无效率、区域异质性无效率、管理差异无效率3部分,探讨其对3类旅游企业效率水平及全要素生产率变化的影响。主要结论有:(1)区域异质性和管理差异是旅行社无效率的主要原因,行业异质性是酒店和景区无效率的主要原因,导致3种类型旅游企业无效率的关键是产出不足;(2)不同区域的旅游企业无效率水平变化的主导原因存在差异,旅行社在我国东部地区无效率增长的原因为管理差异,中、西部地区无效率增长原因为区域异质性和管理差异,星级酒店和景区在3个地区无效率增长原因均为行业异质性,同时区域异质性和管理差异也是景区无效率的重要原因;(3)管理差异和区域异质性对旅行社生产率变化贡献最大,行业异质性对星级酒店和景区生产率变化贡献最大。同时,我国3类旅游企业管理差异引致的效率提升的增长动力不同。针对以上结论,本文提出相关政策建议,并指出本文研究不足及未来研究方向。
Based on the hypothesis of industry heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity, this paper constructs three-hierarchy meta-frontier SBM-DEA model. On the basis, this paper measures and decomposes the inefficiency and Luenberger productivity of travel agencies, star hotels and tourist attractions of 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 2000 to 2014. Considering the heterogeneity, this paper divides the indexes into three parts: industry heterogeneity, regional heterogeneity and management difference. The mechanism on the tourism enterprises and their spatial distribution patterns have been discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) regional heterogeneity and management differences are the main reasons for the inefficiency of travel agencies, while industry heterogeneity is the main reason for inefficiency of hotels and scenic spots. Notably, insufficient output the key factor leading to inefficiency of tourism enterprises;(2) there are regional differences in the inefficiency growth source of tourism enterprises. For travel agencies, the management difference is the inefficiency growth source in eastern China, while the regional heterogeneity and management difference are the inefficiency growth sources in the central and western China. For star hotels and scenic spots, industry heterogeneity is the inefficiency growth source in all three regions. Meanwhile, the regional heterogeneity and management difference are the inefficiency growth sources of scenic spots;(3) management differences and regional heterogeneity contribute most to the productivity changes of travel agency, while industry heterogeneity contributes most to the productivity changes of hotels and scenic spots. In view of the conclusions above, this paper gives some relevant policy recommendations, and points out the potential weaknesses of this paper and the future research directions.
作者
查建平
钱醒豹
赵倩倩
谭庭
ZHA Jianping;QIAN Xingbao;ZHAO Qianqian;TAN Ting(Sichuan University, School of Tourism, Chengdu 610065, China)
出处
《旅游导刊》
2019年第3期1-27,共27页
Tourism and Hospitality Prospects
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:71704125)
四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(项目编号:SKQY201772)
国家旅游局面上项目(项目编号:17TABG012)
