摘要
通过对华北潮土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作模式中不同施肥处理下农田土壤微生物群落特征的研究,分析不同施肥处理下土壤微生物群落多样性和群落结构的变化规律,为提高华北潮土区土壤肥力和维持农田土壤微生物多样性提供理论依据。在天津市宁河区试验基地设置5个施肥处理大田试验,分别为单施化肥(T1,对照)、50%氮肥与生物有机肥配施(T2)、常量化肥与生物有机肥配施(T3)、常量化肥与秸秆配施(T4)和常量化肥-生物有机肥与秸秆配施(T5),采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术研究不同施肥措施对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明,(1)化肥配施生物有机肥和秸秆能够显著提高土壤有机质、速效磷、全氮和全磷的含量,并且配施处理会降低土壤的pH值,其中T5处理的土壤各养分含量最高。(2)各处理土壤微生物的平均颜色变化率(Average well color development,AWCD)为:T5>T4>T2>T1>T3。其中,T4和T5处理的AWCD值高于对照。(3)T5处理的5种微生物群落功能多样性指数值均最高,其Shannon指数(H′)显著高于T1和T3,而与T2和T4无显著差异,丰富度指数(S)显著高于其他4个处理。(4)施肥处理改变了土壤微生物对碳源的利用偏好,在6类碳源中糖类的相对利用率最高,占45.34%-47.74%,氨基酸类次之,占18.08%-22.48%,之后依次为羧酸类、聚合物类、胺类和酚酸类,分别占10.83%-17.21%、4.87%-14.35%、4.44%-6.29%和1.41%-3.79%。与对照相比,T5处理显著降低了微生物对氨基酸的相对利用率。(5)土壤微生物群落代谢特征随施肥措施的变化而发生改变。31种碳源中对PC1贡献较大的有9种,对PC2贡献较大的2种,其中糖类为主要影响碳源。T4和T5处理的土壤微生物群落代谢特征较相似,但与其他处理的土壤微生物群落代谢特征差异较大。综上所述,化肥-生物有机肥与秸秆三者配施可以改善华北地区小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤微生物生境,有利于土壤微生物群落结构稳定和功能多样性,是一种维持土壤肥力和保护土壤微生态环境的施肥措施。
To study the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil microbial community characteristics under winter wheat-summer maize rotation in fluvo-aquic soil region in north China,an experiment was carried out to analyze the change of soil microbial population, diversity and community structure under different fertilization treatments. This study would provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization to improve soil fertility and maintain soil microbial diversity in fluvo-aquic soil region in north China. Five different treatments were set up at the test site in Ninghe district, Tianjin, including chemical fertilizer (T1, contrast), reduce 50% nitrogen fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer (T2), chemical fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer (T3), chemical fertilizer and straw (T4) and chemical fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer and straw (T5). The effects of different fertilization measures on the carbon metabolism characteristics of soil microbial community were studied by Biolog-ECO microplate technology. The results showed that:(1) The application of chemical fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer and straw could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus, and reduce the pH value of the soil. The soil nutrient content of T5 treatment was the highest.(2) The changes of average well color development (AWCD) in different fertilization treatments were shown as: T5>T4>T2>T1>T3. The AWCD values of T4 and T5 were higher than the contrast.(3) The five diversity indices of T5 were the highest.(4) Different fertilization treatments changed the preference of soil microbes for carbon sources. The relative utilization rate of sugars was the highest, accounting for 45.34% 47.74%, followed by amino acids, accounting for 18.08% 22.48%, followed by carboxylic acids, polymers, phenolic acids and amines accounted for 10.83% 17.21%, 4.87% 14.35%, 1.41% 3.79%, and 4.44% 6.29% respectively. T5 treatment significantly reduced the relative utilization rate of amino acids by microorganisms. And (5) principal component analysis showed that the metabolic characteristics of soil microbial community changed with the change of fertilization measures. Among the 31 carbon sources, sugar was the main carbon source. The metabolic characteristics of soil microbial communities of T4 and T5 were significant difference compared with soil microbial communities of other treatments. To sum up, for wheat and corn rotation system, the application of fertilizer bio-organic fertilizer and straw can improve soil microbial habitat, which is beneficial to soil microbial community structure stability and functional diversity.
作者
张婷
孔云
修伟明
李刚
赵建宁
杨殿林
张贵龙
王丽丽
ZHANG Ting;KONG Yun;XIU Weiming;LI Gang;ZHAO Jianning;YANG Dianlin;ZHANG Guilong;WANG Lili(Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environment Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Ecological&Environmental Remediation/Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;College of Plant Protection,Shenyang Agriculture University,Shenyang 110866,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期1159-1167,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503121-04)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程
国家重点研发计划支持项目(2016YFD0201009)
关键词
施肥处理
小麦-玉米轮作
土壤微生物群落
代谢特征
fertilization treatments
wheat-mazie rotation
soil microbial community
metabolic characteristic
