摘要
【目的】研究无锡市惠山国家森林公园典型游憩林内小气候及人体舒适度的时间变化规律,以期为惠山乃至江南地区游憩型城市森林的合理经营和生态效益评价提供基础科学数据,也为当地市民选择合适的时间和衣着开展森林游憩活动提供参考。【方法】在惠山国家森林公园最高峰附近,选择20世纪80、90年代营造、位于山顶南坡的香樟林、湿地松林和山顶北坡的栓皮栎林3种典型人工游憩林为对象,以位于山脊的水泥道路为对照,于春、夏、秋、冬季晴好无风天气条件下,在5:00—19:00同步测定3个游憩林及对照点的气温、空气相对湿度和风速,在此基础上计算舒适度指数和衣着厚度指数,量化分析各游憩林及对照点的小气候、人体舒适度的季节变化、日内变化规律,比较不同游憩林的人体舒适度差异,并提出四季游览惠山的衣着建议。【结果】各林分温度的季节变化表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,空气相对湿度表现为夏、秋季大于春、冬季,风速表现为香樟林和湿地松林在夏季最大,栓皮栎林和道路在秋季最大;相同季节不同林分之间的舒适度指数差异不显著,各林分在春季的人体舒适度最高;4个季节白天观测时段内,各林分气温日变化均为单峰型,且峰值出现在11:00—15:00,谷值出现在 5:00 —7:00,空气相对湿度的日变化规律则与气温相反;风速的日变化趋势波动较大,峰值出现在5:00—9:00,谷值出现在13:00—15:00;在春、秋、冬季,各林分人体舒适度在11:00—15:00最高,而夏季这个时间段则最低;3个游憩林在夏季能显著提高人体舒适度,但冬季与对照的差异不大;各林分气候达到“舒适”等级的时间为春季最长(11:00—17:00),秋季次之(11:00—15:00),夏季仅早上气候舒适(5:00—7:00),冬季气候均为“极不舒适”;各林分的着衣厚度指数在夏季均为1,冬季均为7,春季香樟林为5,湿地松林和栓皮栎林为4,道路为3,秋季道路和栓皮栎林为4,香樟林和湿地松林为5。【结论】 3个人工林林分在春季均发挥降温增湿效应,湿地松林在4个季节都具有降风作用;各林分在夏季调节小气候效应更明显,春季的人体舒适度最高,春、秋、冬季的11:00—15:00为白天气候的最舒适时段。
【Objective】 It is of significance to investigate the temporal variations of microclimate and the extent of human comfort in forests for developing rational management strategies,assessing the ecological benefit of urban recreational forests,and providing guidance for local residents to choose befitting time and clothing for recreation in the forests.【Method】 Three typical plantation forests for recreational purposes nearby the highest peak of Huishan National Forest Park in Wuxi City were selected to compare the differences of microclimate and the extent of comfort between forests and open area with no forest.The three forests planted in the 1980s and 1990s were respectively of Cinnamomum camphora,Pinus elliotii on the southern slope,and Quercus variabilis on the northern slope.A site on a cement road on the mountain ridge was taken as the control.The air temperature,air relative humidity and wind velocity were measured in the field during the day time (5:00 am-19:00 pm) on calm sunny days in the spring,summer,autumn and winter,respectively.Comfort index and weather index for clothing thickness were calculated to quantify the seasonal and diurnal variations of microclimate and extent of human comfort.【Result】 The results showed that seasonal variations of temperature in all forests exhibited a greater extent in summer than in spring,autumn,and winter while the air relative humidity in summer and autumn were greater than that in spring and winter.The highest wind speed in the C.camphora stand and P.elliotii stand occurred in summer but Q.variabilis stand and the control site were in autumn.There was no significant difference in the extent of human comfort among different forests in the same season and the most comfortable season for all forests were in spring.Single-peak diurnal variation of air temperature was found in all forests with temperature peak from 11:00am to 15:00pm and troughs from 5:00am to 7:00am in all the four seasons.However,the daily variation of air relative humidity exhibited an opposite trend.Large fluctuations in wind speed demonstrated by peaks and troughs respectively occurring during 5:00am-9:00am and 13:00pm-15:00pm,The daily extent of human comfort peaked in spring,autumn and winter during 11:00am-15:00pm while dropped to the lowest values in summer.The extent of human comfort of the three forests was improved significantly in summer but not in winter.The longest period of climate reached the comfort level in each forest was in spring (11:00-17:00),followed by autumn (11:00-15:00) and summer (5:00-7:00),yet the weather was extremely uncomfortable in winter.The weather index for clothing thickness (WICT) of all forest stands was 1 in summer and 7 in winter.In spring,the WICTs were different among the forest stands,with 5 for C.camphora stand,4 for both P.elliotii and Q.variabilis stand,and 3 for the control site.In autumn,the WICT was 4 for the control site and Q.variabilis stand,and 5 for C.camphora and P.elliotii stand.【Conclusion】 The three mature plantation stands all played a cooling and humidifying effect in spring,while the P.elliotii stand showed an effect of wind speed reduction in all seasons.The seasonal and diurnal variation trends of microclimate factors and the extent of human comfort among three recreational forests indicated that microclimate was biophysically regulated in summer,and the climate in spring was the most comfortable for human.
作者
古琳
王成
王艳英
王晓磊
孙振凯
王茜
孙睿霖
Gu Lin;Wang Cheng;Wang Yanying;Wang Xiaolei;Sun Zhenkai;Wang Qian;Sun Ruilin(Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Centre of Urban Forest,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091;Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250014;Dongying Water Authority of Shandong Province,Dongying 257091;Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture,Beijing 100102)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期150-159,共10页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201404301)
关键词
小气候效应
人体舒适度
城市游憩林
时间变化
microclimatic effect
extent of human comfort
urban recreational forest
temporal variation
