摘要
目的了解中国中小学校卫生室及保健室建设及使用情况,为中小学卫生室及保健室的基础设施建设和管理提供参考建议。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选取中国东、中、西部各2个省,共6个省份的873所中小学校为研究对象,描述中小学校卫生室及保健室建设情况、卫生室设备配置及使用情况,并对地区差异进行分析。结果 294(33.7%)所学校设置了卫生室,177(20.3%)所设置了保健室,402(46.0%)所未设置卫生室或保健室。在294所卫生室中,仅56所(19.0%)具有医疗机构执业许可证;73所(24.8%)建筑面积≥40 m^2;135所(45.9%)有正规诊室,38所(12.9%)有消毒供应室,2所(<0.01%)有化验室,165所(56.1%)各科室间不独立;整体卫生室规范建设率不足5%。东、中、西部地区卫生室及保健室建设差异存在统计学意义(χ^2=237.33,P<0.01),其中,东部地区卫生室建设率高于西部地区。设备配置上,体温计、视力表灯箱、杠杆式体重秤可正常使用的配置率分别为96.6%,83.0%和75.9%;紫外线灯可正常使用的配置率为66.7%;注射器和高压灭菌锅配置率低于50%。卫生室未能提供卫生服务的原因中,没有医务人员是最主要原因(43%)。结论中国中小学卫生室及保健室建设不足,区域差异明显,设备配置及使用情况参差不齐,西部尤为明显。应加强卫生室及保健室规范建设,合理配置及使用设备,保障中小学生健康。
Objective To analyse the construction and use of primary and secondary school clinics in China, and to provide the reference for the construction and management of infrastructure of the clinics of primary and secondary schools. Methods By using stratified cluster random sampling method, 873 primary and secondary schools were selected in east, middle and west of China as research objects to describe the construction and management of the clinics of primary and secondary schools. Regional differences were analyzed by statistical method. Results Among the 873 schools investigated, 294(33.7%) schools had clinics, 177(20.3%) schools had healthcare rooms, and 402(46.0%) schools had no clinics or healthcare rooms. Among the 294 clinics, only 56(19.0%) schools had medical institution licenses;73(24.8%) schools had a construction area of ≥40 square meters;135(45.9%) schools had legal clinics, and 38(12.9%) schools was a disinfection supply room, 2(<0.01%) schools had a laboratory, 165(56.1%) schools was not independent between the departments;the overall standard school clinics construction rate was less than 5%. There were differences in the construction of clinics and healthcare rooms in the east, middle and west parts of China(χ~2=237.33, P<0.01). Equipment allocation of the country’s primary and secondary schools’ clinics were uneven among regions. The normal allocation rates of thermometer, visual acuity chart and lever weight scale were 96.6%, 83.0% and 75.9%, respectively, and the allocation rate of ultraviolet lamp was 66.7%. Less than 50% syringes and high-pressure sterilizers could be used normally. The reasons for the failure to provide health services in clinics was the absence of equipment and space, which account for 43%. Conclusion The construction of school clinics and healthcare rooms in China is insufficient, and regional differences are obvious, especially in the west. It is necessary to strengthen regional construction, allocate and use the equipment reasonably.
作者
刘美岑
崔志胜
李谊澄
胡丹
LIU Meicen;CUI Zhisheng;LI Yicheng;HU Dan(School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (100730),China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第6期903-906,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
中国红十字基金会委托项目(2017-111)
关键词
卫生设施
卫生保健提供
组织和管理
Health facilities
Delivery of health care
Organization and administration