摘要
母题是故事学的重要术语,影响广泛却众说纷纭。母题术语界定的模糊、功能与母题等术语未能有效勾连、故事学术语体系不完整,这些均限制了民间故事研究空间的拓展。汤普森的母题界定及分类影响最广,但逻辑混淆。邓迪斯借用普罗普的形态学理论和派克的语言学理论分析民间故事的形态结构,明晰了功能(母题位)和母题之间的内在联系,但有理论套用的瑕疵,且并未解决母题界定逻辑混淆问题。要解决上述问题,应将故事类型学和故事形态学视角相结合重新界定母题,厘清母题位、母题和母题变体三者间的层级关系。在此基础上,以母题为基础单元搭建故事学的多层级术语体系。故事学的多层级术语体系让民间故事的形态结构研究和文化意蕴研究有了勾连和转换的学理基础,这有助于开启民间故事研究的新空间。
As an important term in folktale studies,"motif"has a wide range of influences and a variety of interpretations.The term for motif is vaguely defined;the lack of effective connection among function and motif,and the imperfection of terminology system in folktale studies all together restrain the studies on folktale.Thompson’s definition and classification of motif has wide influence,but it is logically confusing.Dundes analyzed the morphological structure of folktales by applying Propp’s morphology of folktales and Pike’s linguistic theory;he also clarified the inner connection between function(motifeme)and motif,but he still left the confusing definition on motif unsolved.To solve this problem,it is advisable to redefine motif and clarify hierarchical relationship among motifeme,motif and allomotif by combing both perspectives of typology and morphology of folktale.And based on that,multi-level terminology system on folktale studies could be built with motif as the basic unit.The multi-level terminology system of folktale studies provides the study of morphologic structure on folktales and the study of culture connotation with academic and theoretical basis for connection and transition,which helps open up new spaces for folktale studies.
作者
漆凌云
万建中
QI Lingyun;WAN Jianzhong
出处
《民俗研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期89-98,159,共11页
Folklore Studies
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“中国民间故事研究史论”(项目编号:13CZW091)的阶段性成果
