摘要
激光雷达是一种可以精确、快速获取目标三维空间信息的主动探测技术,在目标的识别、分类和高精度三维成像及测量方面有着独特的技术优势,应用范围和发展前景十分广阔。本文详细阐述了激光雷达探测以及三维成像系统的各种体制、探测原理等;总结和梳理了国内外单点扫描、线阵推扫以及面阵三维成像激光雷达系统的发展现状;同时对比分析了它们在星载、机载、车载等不同平台和应用领域的技术特点及优劣势等。近年来,三维成像激光雷达逐渐从单点扫描向小面阵扫描和线阵推扫式及面阵闪光成像发展,成像速度越来越快;同时单光子探测技术逐渐成熟,探测灵敏度越来越高。随着现代探测技术越来越趋向于多种传感器的融合探测发展,三维成像的发展也趋向于主、被动成像相结合,以获取更丰富的目标信息。
LiDAR is a kind of active detection technology, which can acquire the three-dimensional spatial informa- tion of the target accurately and quickly. Due to its unique technical advantages in object recognition, classification, high-precision 3D imaging and measurement, the application scope and development prospect of LiDAR are quite broad. In this article, the principles of various LiDAR detection and 3D imaging systems are introduced, and the for- eign and domestic development status of single point scanning, linear array sweeping and planar array 3D imaging LiDAR systems are summarized and sorted out. Meanwhile, their technical characteristics, advantages and disad- vantages in different platforms and application fields such as spaceborne, airborne and vehicular platforms are compared and analyzed. Recently, 3D imaging LiDAR is gradually developed from single point scanning to small array scanning, line array sweep and array flash imaging. At the same time, the single photon detection technology is becoming mature and the detection sensitivity is getting higher and higher. With the development of modern de- tection technology more and more inclined to the fusion detection of various sensors, the development of 3D imaging is also inclined to the combination of active and passive imaging to obtain more abundant target information.
作者
刘博
于洋
姜朔
Liu Bo;Yu Yang;Jiang Shuo(Institute of Optics and Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu,Sichuan 610209,China)
出处
《光电工程》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第7期15-27,共13页
Opto-Electronic Engineering
基金
中国科学院“百人计划”项目支持~~
