摘要
为给台湾鳗鳅的加工与综合利用提供营养学基础数据和理论支持,对生态养殖条件下不同质量[3种体质量依次为(28.67±1.56)、(43.34±2.26 ) g和(59.47±4.77 ) g]的台湾鳗鳅的肌肉和皮的营养成分进行系统研究。结果显示,中等规格的鳗鳅肌肉占体重比例最高。在肌肉中,谷氨酸(glutamic acid,Glu)、天冬氨酸(asparagic acid,Asp)和赖氨酸(lysine, Lys)含量分列前三位,第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸(valine, Val),多不饱和脂肪酸中亚麻酸、花生四烯酸饱和DHA含量分列前三位,K、Ca 和Na含量分列必需矿质元素前三位,分别为2 699.12、1 444.65、446.32 mg/kg。随规格的增大,肌肉中水分含量下降,蛋白质、灰分和胶原蛋白含量均先升后降,并在中等规格的鳗鳅肌肉中分别为17.34%、1.28%、5.95 mg/g;脂肪含量呈升高趋势;氨基酸(amino acid, AA)、必需氨基酸(essential amino acid, EAA)和必需氨基酸/氨基酸(EAA/AA)均先升后降,中等规格的鳗鳅中分别为40.88、91.56 mg/g、0.45,均达到优质蛋白质标准;单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸之比均先升后降。鱼皮中的甘氨酸(glycine,Gly)、Glu和丙氨酸(alanine,Ala)含量分列前三位,AA、EAA、EAA/AA和必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)均低于肌肉中,其随规格的变化趋势与肌肉相似,第一限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸(threonine,Thr);中等规格的鳗鳅肌肉和皮中必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index,EAAI)数值均高于97。肌肉中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量低于皮中,而多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于皮中。皮中多不饱和脂肪酸中亚麻酸、DHA和亚油酸分列前三位;含量最高的矿质元素分别是Ca、K和Na;矿质元素含量高于肌肉中。在3种规格鳗鳅的肌肉和皮中,重金属Cr、Pb和Cd含量均在国家标准范围内。因此,中等规格的台湾鳗鳅的肌肉营养品质最佳,皮中的胶原蛋白和钙是有开发前景的两个靶标。
The nutritional components of muscles and skins of different sizes:(28.67±1.56),(43.34±2.26) g and (59.47±4.77) g, under ecological culture conditions were systematically studied, which could provide basic nutritional data and theoretical support for processing and comprehensive utilization of Taiwan Paracobitis anguillioides. The results showed that the muscle of medium size eel accounted for the highest proportion of body weight. The contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine were the top three in the muscle of Paracobitis anguillioides. The first limiting amino acid was valine. The contents of linolenic acid and arachidonic acid saturated DHA in polyunsaturated fatty acids were the top three. The contents of K, Ca and Na were the top three essential mineral elements, 2 699.12, 1 444.65 and 446.32 mg/kg, respectively. With the increase of specifications, the water content in eel muscle decreased, the protein, ash and collagen white content increased first and then decreased. The muscle fat content in medium-sized eel was 17.34 %, 1.28 % and 5.95 mg/g, respectively. amino acid(AA), essential amino acid(EAA) and EAA/AA all increased first and then decreased, while those in medium-sized eel were 40.88 mg/g, 91.56 mg/g and 0.45. The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated fatty acids increased first and then decreased. The contents of glycine, glutamic acid and alanine in skin were the top three. AA, EAA, EAA/AA and EAA/NEAA were lower than those in muscle. The trend of variation with specifications was similar to that of muscle. The first limiting amino acid was threonine. The EAAI values in muscle and skin of medium-sized Paracobitis anguillioides were higher than 97. The content of saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid in muscle was lower than that in skin, while the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid was higher than that in skin. Linolenic acid, DHA and linoleic acid ranked the top three in the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the skin;the highest mineral elements were Ca, K and Na, respectively;the mineral elements were higher than those in the muscle. The contents of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb and Cd in muscle and skin of three specifications of Taiwan eel were all within the national standard. Therefore, the muscle nutritional quality of medium-sized Paracobitis anguillioides was the best. Collagen and calcium in skin were two potential targets for development.
作者
谢全森
蔡灵
孙彩娟
李岁艳
郭少华
孙纪录
青强民
XIE Quan-sen;CAI Ling;SUN Cai-juan;LI Sui-yan;GUO Shao-hua;SUN Ji-lu;QING Qiang-min(College of Life Science and Engineering, Handan University, Handan 056005, Hebei, China;Handan Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, Handan 056005, Hebei, China;College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China;Handan Xinzhong Ecological Breeding Co., Ltd., Handan 056000, Hebei, China)
出处
《食品研究与开发》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第15期36-42,共7页
Food Research and Development
基金
河北省重点研发计划农业关键共性技术攻关专项(18226702)
河北省教育厅青年拔尖人才项目(BJ2018206)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系淡水养殖创新团队(2018-2023)
邯郸市科技局研发专项项目(1727201061-3)
邯郸学院校级重点课题(20170002)
关键词
生长阶段
生态养殖
台湾鳗鳅
营养特性
研究
growth phase
ecological culture
Paracobitis anguillioides
nutritients
study
