摘要
随着国家自然科学基金资助力度和影响力的不断扩大,已成为面向全国不同区域、不同学科,支持基础性科学研究的主渠道之一。研究回顾了国家自然科学基金区域和省域资助格局及主要学科分布在近三个五年计划时间跨度(2001-2015年)内的演变特征,并利用不同指标对比分析区域均衡性特征,探索"科学基金地貌图"的构建与可视化表达,以及基于3D打印技术的模型实物化。结果显示:(1)研究期内,资助水平持续上升,但"十二五"获资助金额区域差异缓慢下降;各学部中,医学部资助幅度增幅最大。(2)获资助区域分布的全局集中度与区域不均衡程度有逐渐下降的趋势;2010年后获基金资助基尼系数逐渐低于R&D基尼系数。(3)地区基金对于缩小科学基金资项目的区位均衡程度的差异起到了较为显著的作用,而且该作用逐年增强。(4)"科学基金地貌图"能有效反映北京形成的"巨峰"、以及东部沿海地区形成连续"隆起"的"峰群"等地貌特征;而借助3D打印的技术完成的"科学基金地貌图"实物模型具有更好的视觉效果和展示适应性。最后,针对国家自然科学基金区域管理的优化提出了建议。
With the growing scale and influence the National Natural Science Foundation(NSFC), NSFC has become the one of the main channels to support the basic research for different regions and disciplines in China. This paper examines the evolution in the regional and provincial funding patterns and the main disciplines of NSFC in the last three Five-Year Plans(2001-2015), and analyzes the regional equilibrium with different indicators. Further, this paper explores the format-geomorphological map-to depict the regional distribution characteristic funded by NSFC, and realizes the visualization and the modelization of the "NSFC geomorphology map" through 3 D model construction and 3 D printing technology. The findings are as follows:(1)In the study period, the level of NSFC’s funds continued to rise, meanwhile, the regional differences and rankings of funding grants during the 12 th FYP gradually stabilized;and among all NSFC’s divisions, the granted funding rate of medical sector increased most greatly.(2) The nation-wide concentration and the degree of regional imbalance in the NSFC granted regions tend to decrease gradually during the study period;and the Gini coefficient funded gradually falls below the Gini coefficient of R&D.(3) NSFC’s regional funding have played a significant role, varied with funding category, in reducing the regional difference of funding grants, and this effect has been increasing year by year.(4) Geomorphological map could well display the "ups and downs" and "uplift" areas granted by the NSFC;and with the help of 3 D printing, the physical model of "NSFC geomorphologic map" has better visual effect and displays a high degree of adaptability.Finally, some suggestions are put forward for optimal regional management of NSFC.
作者
张祚
王文泽
魏芹
李铭禄
ZHANG Zuo;WANG Wen-ze;WEI Qin;LI Ming-lu(Collage of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;Bureau of Personnel, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085 , China;Office of Research Integrity, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085 , China;Bureau of Policy, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085 , China)
出处
《中国软科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第7期172-183,共12页
China Soft Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71774066,L1422012)
湖北省技术创新专项软科学重点项目(2019ADC015)资助
关键词
国家自然科学基金
区域分布
区域均衡性
科学基金地貌图
3D打印
Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)
regional distribution
regional equilibrium
NSFC geomorphologic map
3D Printing
