摘要
以三嗪成炭发泡剂(CFA)及聚磷酸铵(APP)复配成膨胀阻燃剂(IFR),以二氧化硅(SiO2)及硅酸镁(MgSiO3)为协效剂制备阻燃TPU材料,对比研究了2种热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)材料的阻燃性能、力学性能、热降解行为、炭层的表面形貌及表面元素组成。结果表明,当IFR总添加量为30%(质量分数,下同),SiO2占IFR的5%时,1.6mm样条在燃烧时产生大量熔滴,材料通过UL94V-2级,极限氧指数(LOI)为39.5%,而当阻燃剂总添加量为26%,MgSiO3占IFR的5%时,1.6mm样条在燃烧时无滴落,材料通过UL94V-0级,LOI为35.7%,表明MgSiO3在该阻燃体系中具有很好的抑制熔滴的作用;与添加SiO2相比,MgSiO3的加入对材料拉伸性能的影响更小;MgSiO3的加入使得炭层中磷元素含量明显增加;MgSiO3的加入使得阻燃TPU材料在燃烧时产生了更加连续、致密且具有良好强度的炭层,对内部材料起到了更好的保护作用,从而提高了材料的阻燃性能。
The flame-retardant polyurethane(TPU) composites were prepared by using triazine charring-foaming agent and ammonium polyphosphate as intumescent flame retardants(IFR) and silica and magnesium silicate as synergistic agents. The flame retardant performance, mechanical properties, thermal decomposition behavior, surface morphologies and elemental compositions of char layers were investigated comparatively. The results indicated that the specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm achieved a UL 94 V-2 classification when the total loading amount IFR of 30 wt % was added along with 5 wt % SiO_2 corresponding to the IFR. However, a UL 94 V-0 classification was gained when 26 wt % of IFR and 5 wt % of MgSiO_3 were incorporated. These results indicated that MgSiO_3 could generate a good antidripping effect on the flame retardant system. Moreover, the incorporation of MgSiO_3 had less influence on the tensile properties compared to SiO_2. XPS analysis indicated that the introduction of MgSiO_3 into the IFR/TPU composites improved the phosphorous content in the formed char layer. SEM observation demonstrated that MgSiO_3 promoted the formation of a more continuous and compact char layer with higher strength during combustion. Consequently, the flame retardant performance of the composites was enhanced.
作者
姜洪丽
董建
JIANG Hongli;DONG Jian(School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Shandong Frist Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Taian 271000,China)
出处
《中国塑料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第7期38-43,共6页
China Plastics
基金
泰安市科技引导计划(2017GX0065)
关键词
膨胀阻燃
协效
阻燃性能
力学性能
热降解行为
intumescent flame retardant
synergism
flame retardancy
mechanical property
thermal degradation behavior
