摘要
当前,由主权国家主导的全球治理机制存在霸权逻辑和冲突逻辑两大核心特征。首先,人工智能在全球治理中的应用并不会自然地消解霸权逻辑。在智能革命中,美国等西方国家试图利用霸权战略维持其技术优势,而发展中国家尽管会在某些领域得到一定程度的赋能,但也面临与发达国家差距拉大的风险。在涉及人工智能的国际观念结构中,西方仍然占据主导地位。全球善智意味着主要国家在强人工智能和超人工智能的发展问题上形成全球性共识,通过一种全球协商机制对智能化的发展进行节奏调节,将可解释的、安全的人工智能作为未来的发展方向,并通过智能化来推动发展中国家解决其历史性难题。其次,人工智能在全球治理中的应用也很难直接削弱冲突逻辑。长期来看,人工智能的发展有助于人们增进了解,但在短期内频繁的直接接触则可能会诱发新的冲突。人工智能技术会帮助流动中的人们了解他国文化,但是因全球性失业问题加剧的反移民浪潮不利于人口的全球性自由流动。基于此,全球合智要求全球社会在人机合智、多国合智和多行为体合智等方面形成合力。全球善智和全球合智应成为未来人工智能在全球治理中的目标性价值和过程性价值。
At present, the global governance mechanism still dominated by sovereign states has two core characteristics: hegemonic logic and conflict logic. The application of artificial intelligence in global governance will not naturally lead to the dissolution of hegemonic logic. In the intelligence revolution, the United States and other western countries try to maintain their technological advantages by hegemonic strategy while the developing countries, though endowed with certain power in some fields, face the risk of widening gap with the developed countries. In the international ideational structure of artificial intelligence, the dominant position of the West is still obvious. Therefore, global good intelligence means that major countries around the world should form a global consensus on the development of strong artificial intelligence and general artificial intelligence. Human society should adjust the pace of the artificialintelligence development through a global negotiation mechanism, take the explainable artificial intelligence as the future development direction, and promote the solution of historical problems in developing countries through artificial intelligence. Meanwhile, the application of artificial intelligence in global governance can hardly directly lead to the decline of conflict logic. In the long run, the development of artificial intelligence can help people improve understanding, but in the short term, frequent direct contact may increase new conflicts. At the same time, the AI technology can help people know about other cultures, but the anti-immigration wave exacerbated by global unemployment is not conducive to the free movement of people around the world. Based on this, global collective intelligence requires the global society to form synergy in man-machine intelligence, multinational intelligence and multi-actor intelligence. Global good intelligence and global collective intelligence can become the target value and process value of artificial intelligence application in global governance in the future.
作者
高奇琦
Gao Qiqi(Institute of Political Science, East China University of Political Science and Law)
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第7期24-48,155-156,共27页
World Economics and Politics
基金
国家社科基金重大研究专项“积极参与全球治理改革与建设研究”(项目编号:18VZL020)的资助
关键词
全球善智
全球合智
人工智能
全球治理
global good intelligence
global collective intelligence
artificial intelligence
global governance
