摘要
所谓“理学官僚”是指一以贯之地讲求理学,并以理学之践履指导仕宦、治家与修身等诸多方面的官员。18世纪的理学官僚在政治与学术上相当活跃,且论学过从甚密。其经济之道根植于系统性的理学道德践履,旨在树立一种基于朱子学的教化与治理模式,由道德修为而进之于实学,由实学而发之于实政。另方面,理学官僚采取一种较为缓和的实用主义态度审视门户异同之争,在推重阳明事功的同时,得以重新评价阳明学术的遗产。此种态度亦影响到理学官僚整理本朝学统的工作,涵括气节与事功的实行成为去取的标准,以期构筑复线、多元的学术谱系。随着道统解释权向皇帝的转移,士大夫“格君心”的空间日渐缩小,尹嘉铨奏父从祀案实为皇帝与理学传统的冲突,清高宗藉此重申其作为事实与价值判断最终权威的形象。理学官僚虽称“致君”,然而在皇权压力下,其所行之道仍不免归于“化民成俗”。
“Neo-Confucian officials” usually refers to bureaucrats who were single-mindedly dedicated to Neo-Confucianism, which guided their official and domestic lives and informed their self-cultivation. In the eighteenth century, they were quite active both politically and in terms of learning, forming a close-knit group of scholars. Their study of statecraft, rooted in systematic practice of Neo-Confucian ethics, aimed to set up a model of moral exhortation and governance based on Zhu Xi’s teachings which would progress from ethical cultivation to practical learning and thence to action in the real world. Again, adopting a moderate and pragmatic approach to different schools of thought, they admired Wang Yangming’s accomplishments in practice but also reevaluated his intellectual legacy. This approach also affected their compilation of the writings of Qing orthodoxy;their criteria for inclusion or exclusion included the practice of moral integrity and meritorious conduct, with a view to building a diversified intellectual lineage composed of many streams. As the power of interpreting orthodoxy shifted to the emperor, the space for bureaucrats to correct the ruler’s ideas was shrinking. The case of Yin Jiaquan’s memorial on sacrifices to his deceased father represented a clash between the emperor and Neo-Confucianism tradition, a clash that the Qianlong Emperor used to reaffirm his image as the ultimate authority in judgements of facts and values. The Neo-Confucian bureaucrats sought to help the emperor become greater ruler, but under imperial pressure the way they followed could rise no higher than seeking to instill morality among the people.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期41-62,189-190,共24页
Historical Research
基金
中国人民大学2018年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果
