摘要
铁、锰、锌等微量金属元素是几乎所有细菌生存所必需的,在各种关键代谢过程中起着重要的辅助因子作用。例如,铁缺乏的条件下细菌很难维持正常的生理活动,但是过量的铁也会通过Fenton反应催化活性氧物质(如羟基自由基)的形成从而对细菌造成损伤。针对环境中不断变化的金属离子可用性,结合内环境的变化,细菌进化出了以各金属离子吸收调节家族蛋白为核心的多种调控机制。这些调控元件大多是将基因调控与金属浓度相偶联的全局性转录因子家族,也是细菌金属代谢中最重要的调节因子。以细菌的铁稳态为例介绍了调控金属离子稳态的经典模式,同时对不同内外环境条件下的铁平衡和铁运输进行了详细介绍;以几种典型金属元素的胞内稳态为例介绍了目前三种已知金属感应调节器的类型,为细菌的某些未知金属稳态及其他微生物的金属传感器及金属稳态的研究提供了参考。
Trace metal elements such as iron, manganese and zinc are indispensable for almost all bacterial species, functioning as vital cofactors in a wide variety of key metabolic processes. For example, it is difficult for bacteria to maintain normal physiological activities under conditions of iron deficiency or limitation. On the other hand, excess iron may have toxic effects on bacteria by catalyzing the formation of reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton reaction. Therefore, in view of the ever-changing availability of metal ions, combined with the change of the internal environment, bacteria have evolved a variety of metal ions response systems and mechanisms with corresponding metal uptake regulator families as their cores. Most of these regulatory elements are global transcription factors that couple gene regulation with metal concentration and are the most important regulators of metal metabolism in bacteria. In this paper, the classic mode of metal ions’ homeostasis regulation was introduced;the iron balance and transportation under different internal and external conditions were also explained in detail. Meanwhile, three types of metal-sensing regulators were summarized according to several typical metal elements’ intracellular homeostasis, which provided a certain reference for further studies focusing on metal sensors and metal homeostasis of other bacteria or microorganisms.
作者
刘一超
战嵛华
柯秀彬
燕永亮
LIU Yichao;ZHAN Yuhua;KE Xiubin;YAN Yongliang(Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)
出处
《生物技术进展》
2019年第4期317-325,共9页
Current Biotechnology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31770067)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610392017002)资助
