摘要
外泌体是一种由活细胞分泌的,粒径在30~150 nm之间的纳米级囊泡,在其被发现初期被认作是"废弃物",但后续的研究发现,外泌体可携带mRNAs、miRNAs、DNAs、蛋白质和脂质等物质,目前,在外泌体中发现超过3 000多种的RNA,2 700多种MicroRNA以及近千种脂类。外泌体作为细胞间信息交流的载体,可以通过分泌内容物作用于靶细胞,进而调节靶细胞的生理过程。肿瘤细胞亦可以通过外泌体与外界进行信息交流,进而促进自身的生长,其主要机制包括:介导肿瘤细胞血管新生、免疫逃逸、肿瘤转移、以及参与肿瘤耐药等,外泌体也有望成为肿瘤临床治疗和诊断的新靶标。文章对肿瘤外泌体促进肿瘤自身生长的机制予以综述。
Exosomes are a type of nano-sized vesicles secreted by living cells with a particle size between 30 and 150 nm. They were identified as"waste"at the beginning of their discovery,but subsequent studies have found that exosome can carry substances,such as mRNAs,miRNAs,DNAs,proteins and lipids. Currently,more than 3 000 kinds of RNA,more than 2 700 kinds of microRNAs and nearly a thousand kinds of lipids are found in exosomes. As a carrier of intercellular communication,exosomes can act on target cells by secreting contents,thereby regulating the physiological processes of target cells. Tumor cells can also communicate with the outside world through exosomes,thereby promoting their growth. The main mechanisms include: angiogenesis of tumor cells,immune escape,tumor metastasis,and involvement in tumor resistance. Exosomes perhaps will become a new target for clinical treatment and diagnosis of cancer. This article has reviewed the mechanisms by which tumor exosomes promote tumor growth.
作者
陆继强
王颖
徐寒梅
胡加亮
LU Ji-qiang;WANG Ying;XU Han-mei;HU Jia-liang(Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China)
出处
《药物生物技术》
CAS
2019年第3期250-255,共6页
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
基金
中国药科大学“双一流”新药研发建设项目(No.CPU2018PZH03)
关键词
肿瘤
外泌体
血管新生
免疫逃逸
转移
耐药
机制
Tumor
Exosomes
Angiogenesis
Immune escape
Metastasis
Drug resistance
Mechanism
