摘要
在基质袋式栽培条件下,以薄皮甜瓜品种‘玉美人’为试材,在甜瓜果实发育期,设T1(mN∶mP∶mK =3∶1∶6)、T2(mN∶mP∶mK=2∶1∶2)、T3(mN∶mP∶mK =2∶1∶1)3个不同氮钾含量水溶肥处理,山崎甜瓜营养液(mN∶mP∶mK =5∶1∶6)作为对照,通过水肥一体化的滴灌施肥方式,研究了不同处理下甜瓜生长发育、产量品质及养分吸收的变化规律,筛选出适合基质袋培甜瓜生长发育的水溶肥氮钾配方,以期为甜瓜水肥一体化生产中肥料的选择及优质高产栽培提供参考.结果表明,在果实发育期,T2处理甜瓜株高和茎粗优于其他处理,处理第8天时,较CK相比分别显著升高了14.89%和8.15%.T3处理根系活力最大,处理第16天时,根系活力较CK相比显著升高了26.85%.T1处理的叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度均最大,处理第24天时,叶绿素a含量较CK显著升高了5.81%,净光合速率较CK升高了6.88%.产量和品质的指标表现为T1处理最优,甜瓜单果质量、单株产量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比均最高,其中单果质量、单株产量较CK分别提高了32.98%和9.75%.T1处理甜瓜的可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比分别比CK提高了31.87%、25.00%、61.20%、21.01%和28.14%.植株中全N和全K积累量T1处理最高,植株全P含量T2处理最高.综合分析表明,在基质袋栽培条件下,甜瓜果实发育期T1处理水溶肥可显著提高果实产量和品质,适于果期通过水肥一体化方式施用.
In this experiment, under the condition of substrate bag cultivation, the oriental melon variety‘Yumeiren’was used as the test material. In the development stage of melon fruit, T1(N∶P∶K=3∶1∶6),T2(N∶P∶K=2∶1∶2),T3(N∶P∶K=2∶1∶1)with different nitrogen and potassium contents, water soluble fertilizer treatment, Yamazaki melon nutrient solution(N∶P∶K=5∶1∶6)as a control were applied the changes of growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake of melon under different treatments were studied by means of drip irrigation with water and fertilizer integration. The formula of water-soluble fertilizer nitrogen and potassium suitable for the growth and development of melons in trays was selected to make melon water and fertilizer. Thus Providing reference for the selection of fertilizers and high-quality and high-yield cultivation in integrated production. The results showed that the plant height and stem diameter of T2 treated melon were better than other treatments during fruit development, and increased significantly by 14.89% and 8.15%compared with CK on the 8 th day. The root activity of T3 was the highest, and the root activity was significantly increased by 26.85% compared with CK on the 16 th day. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration of the leaves in T1 treatment were the highest. On the 24 th day, the chlorophyll a content was significantly increased by 5.81% compared with CK, and the net photosynthetic rate was 6.88% higher than that of CK. The yield and quality indicators showed T1 treatment is the best. The single fruit quality, single plant yield, soluble solids,Vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble sugar content and sugar-to-acid ratio were the highest, and the single fruit quality and yield per plant were 32.98% and 9.75%. higher than that of CK. The soluble solids, Vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble sugar content and sugar to acid ratio of T1 treated melon were increased by 31.87%, 25.00%, 61.20%, 21.01% and28.14%, respectively. The total N and total K accumulation T1 treatments were the highest in plants, and the plant total P content T2 treatment was the highest. The comprehensive analysis showed that under the condition of substrate bag cultivation, T1 treatment of water-soluble fertilizer in melon fruit development period can significantly improve fruit yield and quality, and is suitable for fruit-time integration through water and fertilizer.
作者
包振兴
陈欢
景裕娜
齐红岩
刘义玲
BAO Zhenxing;CHEN Huang;JING Yuna;QI Hongyan;LIU Yiling(College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and L iaoningProvince, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology,Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China)
出处
《中国瓜菜》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第8期90-97,共8页
China Cucurbits And Vegetables
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0201004）
国家自然科学基金项目（31101582）
现代农业产业技术体系国家西甜瓜产业技术体系（CARS-25）
辽宁省教育厅项目（LXBZX201701）
关键词
甜瓜
水溶肥
产量
品质
养分吸收
Melon
Water-soluble fertilizer
Yield
Quality
Nutrient absorption
