摘要
2018年底到2019年初美国历史上最长时间的政府停摆不仅反映出民主共和两党在政治上的博弈,而且也折射出美国普通民众在全球化问题上的价值观冲突。美国是第二轮经济全球化的主导者和受益者,其传统意义上的全球化价值观强调自由化与市场化,美国在此基础上推行全球经济自由主义。然而,在世界经济复苏乏力的外部环境及收入分配恶化的内部情形下,逆全球化思潮在美国逐渐兴起。逆全球化思潮是美国在全球化进程中出现价值冲突的主要原因,全球化的受损者和受益者在关于经济全球化的具体政策,包括移民政策、贸易政策、财政政策等方面展开了争论和博弈。与此同时,面对美国在全球化进程中的价值冲突,特朗普政府做出了“美国优先”的政策选择,这一政策选择体现出政治上的民粹主义、经济上的本土主义、贸易上的保护主义和国际关系中的新孤立主义的特征。这是特朗普政府在“全球化不可能三角”中选择付出较小代价的政策的结果。
The longest government shutdown in American history reflects not only political wrestling between the Republicans and Democrats but also value conflicts over globalization among the U.S. public. The United States is the dominant force and beneficiary of the second economic globalization. Its traditional globalization values emphasize liberalization and marketization,and promote global economic liberalism on this basis. However,against the backdrop of a weakening global economic recovery and growing income inequality,anti-globalization sentiment is gaining momentum in the U.S. The trend toward anti-globalization is the main reason for value conflicts about the process of globalization in the United States. The people who suffer from increasing income inequality due to globalization and the beneficiaries of globalization argue about policies of economic globalization,including immigration,trade and finances. At the same time,the value conflict influences the policy options of the Trump administration. Trump's policy options are a manifestation of political populism,economic nativism,trade protectionism and a new isolationism in international relations. This is the result of the Trump administration's least costly policy choices in the “impossible triangle of globalization.”
作者
孙天昊
盛斌
Sun Tianhao;Sheng Bin
出处
《美国研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期21-35,M0003,M0004,共17页
The Chinese Journal of American Studies
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地项目“亚太区域合作与‘一带一路’倡议相互促进的路径与策略研究”(项目编号:ZX20170221)的阶段性成果
