摘要
为保护滨海湿地生境以及保持海洋生态平衡和生物多样性,文章选取我国19处具有代表性的滨海湿地,于2018年5-10月的水鸟繁殖季对滨海湿地水鸟进行调查,并基于调查结果评价其种类、数量、分布密度、受重点保护种类、生物多样性和威胁因素。研究结果表明:滨海湿地水鸟共计6目10科70种77680只,其中鸻鹬类、鸥类和鹭类是主要种类,红腹滨鹬(Calidriscanutus)数量明显居多;水鸟种数和分布密度的南北差异可能与大型底栖生物的分布有关;我国滨海湿地对于红腹滨鹬等7种水鸟的生存具有重要意义,且很多水鸟种类被列入国际和国内重点保护名录;滨海湿地水鸟的多样性指数整体处于较好水平,但地区差异较大,均匀度指数和丰富度指数的分布趋势类似;滨海湿地水鸟面临的威胁因素主要包括保护缺位、养殖利益、非法猎捕、围海造地和水体污染,亟须加强保护力度。
To protect coastal wetlands and biodiversity involved,surveys of breeding waterfowl in19 China′s coastal wetlands were carried out during May to October of 2018,then the number of species and individuals,protected species,biodiversity,and threat factors were assessed.A total of77 680 waterfowl individuals belonging to 6 orders,10 families,and 70 species were found.Shorebirds,gulls and egrets had emerged as the dominant species in breeding period.Specially,Calidris canutus was found to be the most abundant species.Both waterfowl species and density of individuals in coastal wetlands of northern China were more abundant than those in southern China,which might be related to the distribution of macrobenthos.A large proportion of waterfowl species recorded have been listed in domestic and foreign conservation regulations,reflecting China′s coastal wetlands are critical to the conservation of global migratory waterfowls.Waterfowl species diversity,calculated by Shannon-Weaver diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index,in China was relatively high,while those indexs were significantly different among19 coastal wetlands.Waterfowl conservation efforts in China still face numerous challenges,including conservation gaps,aquaculture,illegal hunting,reclamation,and pollution.There is an urgent need to prioritize the designation of new protected areas,and also adopt other practicable conservation measures,to safeguard waterfowls and their habitats.
作者
雷威
邢庆会
廖国祥
许道艳
于彩芬
刘玉安
刘长安
LEI Wei;XING Qinghui;LIAO Guoxiang;XU Daoyan;YU Caifen;LIU Yu′an;LIU Chang′an(Key Laboratory of Sea-Area Management Technology,SOA,National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China)
出处
《海洋开发与管理》
2019年第8期3-8,共6页
Ocean Development and Management
基金
国家重点研发计划子课题项目(2018YFC1406400)
国家自然科学基金项目(41806187)
国家海洋局海域管理技术重点实验室开放基金项目(201704)
国家海洋环境监测中心博士启动基金项目
