摘要
产业兴旺是乡村振兴战略中的首要任务,也是解决我国农村经济社会问题的关键。湘西州是湖南省政府脱贫攻坚的重点地区,相对单一的产业结构表面上拉动了全州经济的平稳增长,但也带来了原有财政投入折旧加速、经济增长受限、居民幸福感降低等一系列问题,尤其是以牺牲工、矿产业为代价兴起的旅游服务业,加剧了当地的结构性失业,若矛盾没有解决,未来全州经济将有可能因单一产业波动受到较大影响。全州应充分考虑各县、市特有的自然资源、气候条件,借助"乡村振兴"这一政策红利,通过产业融合联动,因地制宜地布局三大产业,在平稳的经济增长进程中,务必寻找新的经济增长点,吸引青年返乡就业创业,构建美丽大湘西。
Industrial prosperity is the primary task of the rural revitalization strategy and the key to solving rural economic and social problems in China. Based on prefecture and county data and the perspective of natural resource endowment of Xiangxi Prefecture,this paper analyzes the current situation,contributing factors and dilemmas of the industrial structure in the region,and points out the existing problems in the industrial structure of the prefecture. In addition,this paper further analyzes the importance of industrial structure in the economic development of Xiangxi Prefecture and the need for the adjustment of the industrial structure by analyzing the changes in the urban-rural dual structure,the adjusted unemployment rate, the Engel coefficient and the financial balance.Xiangxi Prefecture is the only autonomous prefecture for ethnic minorities in Hunan Province.Most counties in the prefecture are dominated by a single industry, namely, mining or the tourism service industry. We find this especially in Huayuan county,which is dominated by the manufacturing and mining industries,and Fenghuang county,which is dominated by the tourism industry. In those counties dominated by manufacturing and mining,most of the local governments choose to completely rely on this single industry to achieve economic growth. As a result,the industrial chain is concentrated primarily in the middle and low end of the chain,and any expansion is mainly quantitative. Usually,these industries only collect raw materials,resulting in low value-added products. Atthe same time,the level of science and technology is relatively backward,and the industrial structure is unable to adapt to the changes in the structure of the new labor force. This results in low productivity,large labor costs,insufficient endogenous innovation of enterprises,fewer employment opportunities for young people,and insufficient economic impetus and sustainability. Except for Fenghuang county,which has unique tourism and transportation resources,although many counties have a long history and cultural assets,they lack the development of a sustainable industrial foundation,that is,accommodation,transportation and other kinds of infrastructure. In addition, even though some counties have expended a lot of manpower and material resources to build characteristic villages or scenic spots,they have not achieved good results and have not attracted many tourists. It is difficult for these counties to drive employment through the development of the tourism service industry,and these positions have relatively low requirements with regard to the quality of employees,and they cannot meet the needs of different employment groups. In addition,Xiangxi Prefecture has a large number of forest and land resources,but the economic contributions of primary industry is constantly low. The main reason is that the few numbers of people employed in primary industry cannot meet its development needs. The low income level of the primary industry forces unemployed farmers and the new generation of farmers to go outside to earn a living in order to meet their basic living needs.At the same time,the three industries in Xiangxi Prefecture are less integrated; they lack the joint development of the primary industries and the tertiary industries,and of the secondary industries and the tertiary industries,thereby failing to form a reasonable industrial division system to realize the complementary and collaborative development of the region. Once the integrated industrial structure of Xiangxi Prefecture is formed,it will attract investors and workers,promote the coordinated development of the industrial and employment structure,and promote the economic and social development of Xiangxi Prefecture. Combined with the above analysis,this paper proposes the following long-term development strategies.1. Break through the pattern of industry simplification and look for new economic growth points. Xiangxi Prefecture should accelerate the transformation of the manufacturing and mining industries,extend the industrial chain to the middle and high end,and realize the transformation from quantitative expansion to one that is innovationdriven. On the basis of increasing the added value of products,Xiangxi Prefecture should enhance the employment absorption capacity of the secondary industries,accelerate the construction of characteristic industrial clusters with industrial linkages and pay attention to the measures which are in accordance with local conditions. In addition,Xiangxi Prefecture should aim to increase the proportion of the structure of the two different industries,to prevent the fluctuations of an industry caused by the greater impact on the economy and fully apply the thinking of "Internet + agricultural industry "to accelerate the construction of new economy and new business forms,such as e-commerce,shopping networks,logistics and express delivery,information technology,etc.,build agricultural production bases for the domestic supply of fruits and vegetables,and construct an international trading platform for Miao and Tujia featured products.2. Increase input in human capital and optimize the structure of the labor market. In order to achieve the purpose of adjusting structural unem-ployment as quickly as possible,Xiangxi Prefecture should adjust their investment in education,science and technology,health care,and other areas concerning the people’s livelihood in order to prevent local poverty due to illness,improve the quality of labor supply,reduce the duration of the unemployment reserve and stimulate endogenous power. At the same time,the whole prefecture should increase the construction of public infrastructure,actively guide and encourage the young and middle-aged labor force to return home with feeling for their hometown for employment and entrepreneurship,give necessary technical training,interest-free start-up capital, tax reduction and other incentives,and promote balanced urban and rural development.3. Adjust measures according tothe layout of local conditions and create a beautiful Xiangxi.Xiangxi Prefecture should fully consider the impact of the manufacturing and mining industries on the natural environment and the long-term impact of enterprises on local employment rate and economic contribution,and properly manage industrial and mining enterprises. Through the declaration of the construction of a fire prevention passageway to achieve the purpose of road communication,and reduce the difficulties of the villagers to go to school or the hospital. At the same time,Xiangxi Prefecture should also strengthen the construction of public services and infrastructure,so as to provide a more favorable development environment for the people in Xiangxi Prefecture and eventually make the people in Xiangxi Prefecture feel the benefits brought by the national poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategy.In all,Xiangxi is the key area of Hunan Province to fight against poverty. The relatively single industrial structure can only,on the surface,drive a steady economic growth in a short term. For the long term,it will result in the accelerated depreciation of the original financial input,limited economic growth and low happiness of residents. Especially the tourism industry,which has arisen at the expense of sacrificing the manufacturing andmining industries,will aggravate structural unemployment. If this situation does not change,the prefectural economy will be greatly affected by the fluctuations of a single industry in the future.Therefore,the prefecture should give full consideration to the unique natural resources and climatic conditions of each county and city,and take the opportunity of "rural revitalization"to lay out the three big industries according to local conditions.In the process of steady economic growth,it is necessary to find new economic growth points,attract young people to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship, and build a beautiful great-Xiangxi.
作者
陆九天
付雪莲
陈灿平
Lu Jiutian;Fu Xuelian;Chen Canping(Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu, 610041,Sichuan,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期83-91,125-127,共12页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目“茶旅一体化下的安化黑茶产业扶贫项目”(CX2018SZ152)
国家民委社科项目“武陵山片区乡村振兴战略研究”(2018-GMD-031)
国家社科基金重点项目“集中连片特困民族地区乡村振兴战略研究”(18AMZ012)的阶段性成果
关键词
湘西州
产业结构
就业
经济增长
产业扶贫
Xiangxi Prefecture
industrial structure
employment
economic growth
industry for poverty alleviation
