摘要
【目的】本研究利用测土配方施肥项目田间试验的大样本数据,分析吉林省玉米施钾增产效应在生态区及县域尺度上的差异,为促进玉米高产稳产和钾肥资源高效利用提供参考。【方法】基于2005-2013年吉林省玉米"3414"田间试验中推荐施钾(N2P2K2)和不施钾(N2P2K0)处理,分析生态区及县域尺度上玉米施钾的产量反应、农学利用率和肥料贡献率,建立玉米施钾产量、钾肥贡献率与基础产量之间的关系,从而评估吉林省玉米施钾的增产效应及区域差异。【结果】不施钾条件下,吉林东部湿润山区、中部半湿润平原区和西部半干旱平原区玉米的基础产量平均分别为8.44 t/hm^2 (3.29~14.5 t/hm^2)、9.45 t/hm^2 (3.77~15.3 t/hm^2)和8.11 t/hm^2(3.89~12.84 t/hm^2)。施用钾肥显著提高三大区域玉米产量,东、中、西部平均分别增产1.31 t/hm^2 (18.1%)、1.06t/hm^2 (12.2%)和1.30 t/hm^2 (17.4%)。推荐施钾条件下,东、中、西部玉米施钾的平均农学利用率分别为19.7、14.6和20.2 kg/kg,平均肥料贡献率分别为13.9%、10.2%和13.6%。统计分析显示,三大区域之间玉米施钾的增产量无显著差异,东部增幅显著高于中部,农学利用率和肥料贡献率东部也显著高于中、西部。回归分析发现,各区域玉米的施钾产量均与基础产量呈极显著正相关关系,符合线性模型,东部为y=0.769 x+3261 (R^2=0.616^**),中部为y=0.883 x+2158 (R^2=0.757^**),西部为y=0.873 x+2328 (R^2=0.637^**);而钾肥贡献率均与基础产量呈极显著负相关关系,符合对数模型,东部为y=–28.4 ln(x)+270.1 (R^2=0.348^**),中部为y=–15.9 ln(x)+156.1 (R2=0.172^**),西部为y=–16.3 ln(x)+160.6 (R2=0.123^**)。随土壤基础供钾能力的提高,东部玉米施钾产量的增幅和钾肥贡献率的降幅明显高于中、西部。【结论】吉林省玉米的钾肥管理应根据区域土壤钾素状况、自然气候条件和钾肥效应进行合理配置,现阶段应适当增加东部湿润山区玉米生产的钾肥资源配置,提高土壤供钾能力,促进玉米高产稳产。
【Objectives】In this study, maize yield responses to potassium(K) fertilizer in Jilin Province and the regional difference at the scale of ecological zones and counties were estimated, based on the big data of field experiments in Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization Project, aiming efficiently to provide references for high and stable yields and high use efficiency of K fertilizer in local maize production.【Methods】The data were collected from the treatments N2P2K2(+K) and N2P2K0(–K) in maize "3414" field experiments carried out in Jilin Province during 2005–2013. The yield response, agronomic efficiency(AE) and fertilizer contribution rate(FCR) of K fertilizer and their regional differences were estimated at ecological zones and county levels. The relationships between maize yield brought by K application, FCRs and the basic yields were established to determine the effects of K fertilizer on maize yield and the regional difference.【Results】In the –K treatment,maize yields ranged from 3.29–14.5 t/hm^2 and averaged 8.44 t/hm^2 in eastern humid mountainous area(EHMA),ranged from 3.77–15.3 t/hm^2 and averaged 9.45 t/hm^2 in central sub-humid plain area(CSPA), and ranged from3.89–12.84 t/hm^2 and averaged 8.11 t/hm^2 in western semi-arid plain area(WSPA). The K fertilization significantly increased maize yield across the ecological zones, with averaged yield increases of 1.31 t/hm^2(18.1%) in EHMA, 1.06 t/hm^2(12.2%) in CSPA and 1.30 t/hm^2(17.4%) in WSPA, respectively. Under current optimal K fertilizer management practices, the averaged AE of K fertilizer was 19.7 kg/kg in EHMA, 14.6 kg/kg in CSPA, and 20.2 kg/kg in WSPA. The values for FCR of K fertilizer were 13.9%, 10.2% and 13.3% in the three ecological zones, respectively. Statistical analysis results indicated that maize yield response were equal among different ecological zones, but yield increase rate was significantly higher in EHMA than that in CSPA. Both the highest AE and FCR of K fertilizer were observed in EHMA. A significant positive and linear correlation was observed in maize yields between +K and –K treatments in each ecological zone, the model equation was y = 0.769 x + 3261(R^2 = 0.616^**) for EHMA, y = 0.883 x + 2158(R^2 = 0.757^**) for CSPA and y =0.873 x + 2328(R^2 = 0.637^**) for WSPA. Meanwhile, a significant negative and logarithmic correlation was observed between FCRs of K fertilizer and maize yields in –K treatment, these model equations were y =–28.4 ln(x)+ 270.1(R^2 = 0.348^**), y =–15.9 ln(x)+ 156.1(R^2 = 0.172^**) and y =–16.3 ln(x)+ 160.6(R^2 = 0.123^**),respectively. Compared with the other ecological zones, with the increasing of soil K supply capacity, EHMA showed larger increase in maize yield in +K treatment and greater decrease in FCR of K fertilizer.【Conclusions】The maize K fertilizer management in Jilin Province should be optimized based on regional soil K content, natural climatic conditions and crop responses to K fertilizer. At the present stage, more K fertilizer should be applied in EHMA to enhance soil K supply capacity and ensure high and stable grain yield.
作者
王寅
高强
李翠兰
焉莉
冯国忠
王少杰
刘振刚
宋立新
房杰
WANG Yin;GAO Qiang;LI Cui-lan;YAN Li;FENG Guo-zhong;WANG Shao-jie;LIU Zhen-gang;SONG Li-xin;FANG Jie(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China;Soil and Fertilizer Station of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第8期1335-1344,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200101)
国家现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02)
关键词
吉林省
土壤钾素
区域差异
钾肥利用率
玉米产量
Jilin Province
soil potassium
regional difference
potash use efficiency
maize grain yield
