摘要
基于农业灌溉和气象数据,核算并分析了2005-2016年陕西省农业水足迹(蓝水、绿水和灰水足迹)时空变化特征,并构建基于水足迹的农业生产水资源压力指标AWSI。从水足迹视角分析了农业生产用水结构及对区域水资源的影响,为农业用水总量控制、效率评价和农业面源污染治理提供指导意见。结果表明:陕西省小麦、玉米、稻谷和蔬菜单位质量水足迹较为稳定,棉花、油料等单位质量水足迹较高的作物单位质量水足迹呈现下降趋势。全省年均农业总水足迹为232.6亿m3,蓝水、绿水和灰水足迹分别为49.8、97.8和98.0亿m3。全省AWSI年均值为0.38,年际间波动较大,空间差异明显。AWSI空间上表现为汉中、安康和商洛最低,在0.13~0.18之间,宝鸡、铜川、西安、延安和榆林较高,在0.43~0.83之间,渭南和咸阳农业生产水资源压力最大,AWSI指标明显高于其他区域,为2.34、3.09。从区域用水现状和农业水资源压力指标来看,陕西省仍须加强农业生产结构调整,发展节水农业,合理控制化肥施用量,提高水资源利用效率,以促进各地区水资源健康可持续发展。
Based on the agricultural irrigation and meteorological data of Shaanxi Province, this paper calculates and analyzes the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of regional crop water footprint (blue water, green water and grey water footprint) from 2005 to 2016, and builds a water footprint based agricultural production water stress index AWSI. From the perspective of water footprint, the paper analyzes the structure of agricultural production water and its impact on regional water resources, and provides guidance for total agricultural water use control, efficiency evaluation and agricultural non-point source pollution control.The results showed that water footprint per unit of wheat, corn, rice and vegetables in Shaanxi Province was relatively stable, and the water footprint per unit of cotton and oil with high per unit water footprint showed a downward trend. The total annual water footprint of the province was 23.26 billion m3, Blue, green and grey water footprint were 4.98 billion m3, 9.78 billion m3 and 9.80 billion m3 respectively. The average annual value of AWSI in the province was 0.38, with large fluctuations between years and obvious spatial differences. The AWSI of Shanxi showed that:the lowest value of Hanzhong,Ankang and Shangluo was between 0.13-0.18, and Baoji, Tongchuan, Xi'an, Yan'an and Yulin were higher which was between 0.43-0.83, while Weinan and Xianyang had the highest AWSI index of 2.34 and 3.09. From the current situation of regional water use and the pressure of agricultural water resources, Shaanxi Province still needs to strengthen the adjustment of agricultural production structure, develop water-saving agriculture, reasonably control the amount of chemical fertilizer application, improve the efficiency of water resources utilization, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of water resources in various regions.
作者
王月英
刘科伟
WANG Yueying;LIU Kewei(College of Urban Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China;Shaanxi Institute of Urban and Rural Planning and Design, Xi'an 710021, China)
出处
《河北农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期109-116,共8页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目（51709107
51609082）
国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0401402）
关键词
蓝水
绿水
灰水
农业生产
水资源压力指标
blue water
green water
grey water
agricultural production
water strss index
