摘要
仿自然鱼道和结构型鱼道结合布置而成的鱼道,既具有仿自然鱼道和结构式鱼道的优点,又能满足苛刻的地形条件。针对地盘子鱼道,在设计及优化方案下分别建立比尺为1:10的整体模型,通过实测两种方案下模型水流的水位、流速及流态,论证了设计方案的合理性及优化方案的优化效果。结果表明:竖缝式和仿自然式结合布置的鱼道内水流流态良好,结构段和仿自然段采用较大底坡比进行衔接对衔接段流态并无不利影响;各溢流槽和竖缝平均流速基本保持在0.7~1.2 m/s,大流速区主要分布在衔接段及鱼道进口附近;与设计方案相比,优化方案中过鱼设施结构段S52~S57断面竖缝宽度增大25%,池室消能率最大降低50%;仿自然鱼道段进口处水深由1.0 m增加至1.3 m,F63~F68断面流速最大降低52%,有效保障了过鱼条件。研究结果可为设计和建设复杂场地过鱼设施提供参考。
The fish passage facilities in combination with a nature-like fishway and a structural fishway have the advantages of the nature-like fishway and the structural fishway, and can also meet the harsh terrain conditions. In this paper, based on the design scheme and the optimization scheme, the overall model of 1∶10 scale is respectively established for the Dipanzi fishway. The rationality of the design scheme and the optimized effects of the optimization scheme are demonstrated by measuring the water level, flow velocity and pattern of the two schemes. The model test analysis results show that the flow pattern in the fish passage facility with vertical slots and natural imitation is good, and there are no adverse impacts on the flow pattern in the joint section when the structure section and the nature-like section are connected by a larger bottom slope ratio;the average flow velocity of the overflow slots and vertical seams is basically kept within 0.7 and 1.2 m/s, and the high flow velocity area is mainly distributed near the connection section and the entrance of the fishway. Compared with the design scheme, the width of the vertical slots of the section S52-S57 of the structural section of the fish passage facility in the optimized scheme increases by 25%, and the energy dissipation rate of the fishway pool chamber decreases by 50%. The water depth at the entrance of the nature-like fishway section increases from 1.0 m to 1.3 m, while the maximum flow velocity along the F63-F68 section is reduced by 52%, which effectively guarantees the conditions for fish passage. The experimental research results can provide references for the design and construction of the fish passage facilities on the complex sites.
作者
魏炳乾
黄磊
袁海石
李林博
荆海晓
WEI Bingqian;HUANG Lei;YUAN Haishi;LI Linbo;JING Haixiao(State Key Laboratory of Eco- hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi'an 710048,China;Qinghai Wanli Hydropower Development Co.of State Power,Xining 810007,China;Shaanxi Water Environmental Engineering Investigation,Design & Research Institute,Xi'an 710018,China)
出处
《水利水运工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期9-16,共8页
Hydro-Science and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51479163)
关键词
水力学
鱼道
过鱼设施
物理模型
水流流态
水力特性
hydraulics
fishway
fish passage facility
physical model
flow pattern
hydraulic characteristics
