摘要
人工智能生成技术方案的出现,使专利法面临着诸多方面的挑战。理论层面,鉴于人工智能法律主体资格的缺失,无论是以洛克劳动学说和黑格尔人格学说为代表的“自然权利论”,还是以实现利益最大化为基础的“创新激励论”,都无法为人工智能生成技术方案的专利保护正当性提供充分的理论证成。实践层面,由于相关法律关系的复杂性,人工智能生成技术方案的专利法规制中,则存在着在可专利性判断标准的失灵问题、获得专利保护后的权责分配问题以及进入公有领域后的风险控制问题等一系列实践难题。因此,有必要通过引入人工智能作为技术“发明人”的制度设计、创立人工智能生成技术方案的可专利性标准、构建人工智能生成专利技术的权责分配规则、设置人工智能生成现有技术的风险防范机制等法律对策,消除理论争议并化解实践难题,以此实现专利法对人工智能生成技术方案的有效规制。
The appearance of technical schemes generated by artificial intelligence brings a host of challenges to patent law. Due to the deficiency of legal subject qualification, no matter in the theory of Nature Right which is represented by Lockes Labor Doctrine and Hagels Personality Doctrine, or the theory of motivation which is aiming at maximizing profits, it is really hard to find any evidence of the legitimacy for patent regulating of technical schemes generated by artificial intelligence at the theoretical level. Because of the complexity of relevant legal relations, there exist a host of problems such as the failure of patentability standards, the dilemma of allocating the rights and liabilities when the technical schemes obtain patent protection and the frustration of the risk management when the technical schemes enter public domain in the process of patent regulating of technical schemes generated by artificial intelligence at the practical level. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate theoretical disputes and practical problems to offer effective patent regulating for the technical schemes generated by artificial intelligence by introducing the system design in which artificial intelligence acts as the "inventor" of technical schemes, creating new patentability standards for the technical schemes generated by artificial intelligence, building rules for allocating the rights and liabilities of the patent technologies generated by artificial intelligence, and establishing risk prevention mechanisms for the prior arts generated by artificial intelligence.
出处
《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期82-92,共11页
Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law
基金
德国马克斯·普朗克创新与竞争研究所访问学者项目(2018-2019)
高等学校学科创新引智计划(B18058)
关键词
人工智能
专利法
技术方案
可专利性
专利权属
artificial intelligence
patent law
technical scheme
patentability
patent ownership
