摘要
为提升设施园艺中水培生菜生产全程机械化水平,设计了收获后生菜自动纵向包装装置,包括导向装盒机构、切膜与封膜机构等。利用聚拢气缸和压菜气缸执行生菜纵向装盒,同时利用导向环保证装盒过程中生菜偏移、翻转等位姿要求;通过柔性毛刷对薄膜的梳刷作用及薄膜自粘性使其贴于包装盒,完成包装盒封膜。根据生菜挤压试验、力学分析、理论计算,分别确定了包装盒尺寸、导向装盒机构参数、切膜与封膜机构参数。基于高速摄像,提出了生菜水平偏移、姿态角量化方法;通过生菜装盒位姿特性试验,研究了导向环对装盒过程生菜位姿特性的影响。研制了自动包装样机,利用正交试验优化了切膜作业参数并进行了试验验证。生菜装盒位姿特性试验结果显示:生菜入盒时有导向环水平偏移平均值、姿态角平均值分别为5.8mm、17.9°,相较无导向环时分别减小75.0%、74.2%,导向环保证了生菜纵向装盒成功率。正交试验结果显示:切膜作业参数最优组合为薄膜纵向切刀与薄膜夹角30°、拉膜辊拉膜速度300mm/s、薄膜横向切刀速度500mm/s。最优参数组合下,包装成功率为96%,样机单次包装用时10.5s,比人工缩短58%。
In order to improve the completely mechanical production level of hydroponic lettuce, an automatic packaging machine was designed and manufactured. It mainly contained guiding device, film cutting and covering device. The packaging machine could implement putting lettuce into packaging box lengthways and covering film automatically. The lettuce was put into the box by cylinders, and a guiding annulus was utilized to decrease lettuce excursion and reversal. The flexible brush combed the self-adhesive film on the box. The size of the packaging box, the parameters of guiding device, and the parameters of film cutting and covering device were confirmed by lettuce extrusion test, mechanical analysis and theoretical calculation, respectively. The influence of guiding annulus on lettuce position and posture characters, for instance the horizontal excursion and attitude angle, was analyzed by high-speed photograph. The packaging test results showed that the average value of horizontal excursion with guiding annulus was 5.8 mm when lettuce entering the box, which was reduced by 75.0% than that without guiding annulus. The average value of attitude angle with guiding annulus was17.9°, which was reduced by 74.2% than that without guiding annulus. The guiding annulus could ensure the success rate of putting lettuce into the packaging box. The optimized combination of film cutting parameters was obtained by orthogonal tests, and the angle between longitudinal cutter and film, film stretching velocity, and film transverse cutting velocity were 30°, 300 mm/s and 500 mm/s, respectively. The verification test results showed that the success rate of packaging was 96%, and the single packaging operation time of prototype was10.5 s, and it was reduced by 58% than that of manual operation.
作者
马义东
王明辉
崔永杰
傅隆生
王文奇
徐灿
MA Yidong;WANG Minghui;CUI Yongjie;FU Longsheng;WANG Wenqi;XU Can(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling,Shaanxi 712100, China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第9期113-121,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018TSCXL-NY-05-04)
关键词
水培生菜
纵向包装
高速摄像
导向环
位姿分析
hydroponic lettuce
longitudinal packaging
high-speed photograph
guiding annulus
position andposture analysis
