摘要
大风作为常见且影响严重的天气现象,可在各类天气系统和地形综合影响下产生。全面认识其机理和预报方法,对风灾防御和风能利用都有很大帮助。本文梳理了我国气象观测和业务预报关于大风定义、大风分布特征以及雷暴、台风等主要灾害性系统大风分布情况。之后简述雷暴、台风、冷空气等系统产生大风的机理,以及复杂地形下垫面的热力和动力作用对局地大风的影响,概括了不同系统大风预报技术的研究进展。最后总结大风研究现状和不足。
High winds,as a common weather phenomenon of significant influences,can be produced by various meteorological systems and orographic forcing.A comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms and forecast techniques is of great significance for wind disaster defense and wind energy utilization.This paper sorts out the standards of high winds both in weather forecasting service and meteorological observations,and the overall distribution of high winds including the major disaster-causing systems such as thunderstorm,typhoon in China.Furthermore,the mechanisms of thunderstorm,typhoon and cold air,as well as the complex orographic thermal and dynamic effects on the formation of local high winds are briefly analyzed.Then,the research progresses in forecast techniques of different synoptic systems that generate high winds are summarized.Finally,the current status of high wind researches and important issues worth further research are discussed.
作者
王黉
李英
吴哲红
郭鹏
Wang Hong;Li Ying;Wu Zhehong;Guo Peng(State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Anshun Meteorological Observatory,Guizhou,Anshun 561000;Public Meteorological Service Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081)
出处
《气象科技》
2019年第4期600-607,共8页
Meteorological Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51778617)资助
国网2016年度科技项目(52170216000A)
关键词
大风
机理
预报
high wind
mechanism
forecast technique
