摘要
为探究3种品系中华鳖肌肉品质的差异,选取淮河品系中华鳖、黄河品系中华鳖和日本品系中华鳖( Trionyx sinensis ),分别对其肌肉基本营养成分(水分、粗蛋白及粗脂肪)、氨基酸、脂肪酸和质构特性进行分析。研究发现,黄河鳖肌肉的水分含量显著高于淮河鳖和日本鳖( P <0.05),粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量差异不显著( P >0.05);黄河鳖肌肉中的水分和粗蛋白含量均最高。淮河鳖肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和呈味氨基酸总量最高,黄河鳖次之;淮河鳖肌肉中游离氨基酸含量最高,3种鳖肌肉中含量最丰富的游离氨基酸均是牛磺酸;3种鳖肌肉蛋白的必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量(TEAA/TAA)均在40%左右,必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量(TEAA/TNEAA)均远高于60%,淮河鳖的氨基酸评分(amino acid score, AAS)、化学评分(chemical score, CS)和必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index, EAAI)均显著高于黄河鳖和日本鳖( P <0.05)。日本鳖的单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA)含量最高,淮河鳖的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸(EPA+DHA)含量最高。淮河鳖肌肉的硬度、弹性显著高于黄河鳖及日本鳖( P <0.05)。结果表明,3种鳖的氨基酸含量丰富且相对平衡,均属于优质蛋白源,富含多种呈味氨基酸、牛磺酸和不饱和脂肪酸。本研究通过对3种品系中华鳖肌肉品质的综合评价,可为中华鳖资源的合理开发利用提供基础资料和科学依据。
In order to investigate muscle quality of the different strains of Trionyx sinensis , the nutritional qualities of three kinds of Trionyx sinensis were analyzed by measuring nutritional (moisture, crude protein and crude fat), amino acid composition and texture profile. The results showed that the moisture content in Yellow River strain was significantly higher than that in Huai River strain and Japanese strain ( P <0.05), while the crude protein and crude fat contents showed no significant differences between these strains ( P >0.05). Moreover, the contents of moisture and crude protein in Yellow River strain muscle were the highest. Total contents of amino acids, essential amino acids, and flavor amino acids in Huai River strain were the highest, followed by Yellow River strain. As for free amino acids, Huai River strain had the highest contents. And the taurine was the most abundant free amino acid in the muscles of these three strains. The ratio of total essential amino acids to total amino acids (TEAA/TAA) of muscle proteins in three strains were about 40%, while the ratio of total essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids (TEAA/TNEAA) were much higher than 60%. The amino acid score (AAS)、chemical score (CS) and essential amino acid index (EAAI) of the Huai River strain were significantly higher than that of Yellow River strain and Japanese strain ( P <0.05). Moreover, the total contents of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids in Japanese strain were highest, while the total contents of DHA and EPA in the muscles of Huai River strain were highest. The muscle hardness and resilience of Huai River strain were significant higher than those of Yellow River strain and Japanese strain. Overall, the amino acids contents are rich and relatively balanced in these three stains which belong to the high-quality protein sources. Also, they are rich in a variety of flavor amino acids, taurine acid and unsaturated fatty acids. Based on the comprehensive evaluation for the muscle quality of the different strains of Trionyx sinensis , this study can provide a basic data and theoretical basis for reasonable exploitation and untilization of different strains of Trionyx sinensis .
作者
喻亚丽
周运涛
唐雨甜
文平
何力
吕磊
刘新民
YU Yali;ZHOU Yuntao;Tang Yutian;Wen Ping;HE Li;LYU Lei;Liu Xinmin(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China;Aquatic Product Safety Risk Assessment laboratory (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture P.R. China, Wuhan 430223, China;Wuhan Agricultural testing Center, Wuhan 430223, China;Extension Station of Fishery Technology of Yingcheng,Xiaogan 432400, China)
出处
《中国渔业质量与标准》
2019年第5期61-70,共10页
Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards
基金
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2016JBF0103)
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-49)
关键词
中华鳖
品质评价
营养成分
肌肉
品系
氨基酸
脂肪酸
质构特性
Trionyx sinensis
quality evaluation
nutrient component
muscle
strain
amino acids
fatty acid
texture profile
