摘要
2005 年 9 月至 2006 年 8 月对广西弄岗国家自然保护区内一群黑叶猴进行行为观察,采用瞬时扫描法观察并收集猴群的栖息地利用数据,分析黑叶猴对喀斯特石山栖息地的选择与利用规律。结果表明,黑叶猴对不同山体部位的利用有显著性差异(χ^2=43.063,df=4,P<0.001)。黑叶猴对崖壁的利用频率最高(占总记录的36.67%±9.44%),其次是山坡(32.30%±9.57%),对山脚(14.15%± 5.01%)、山顶(11.24%± 8.42%)和平地(5.63%± 2.92%)的利用较少。分析发现,黑叶猴对山体部位的利用没有显著的季节性差异(山顶:Z=-0.160,P =0.837;崖壁:Z=-0.320,P=0.749;山坡:Z=-0.480,P =0.631;山脚:Z=-1.601,P=0.109;平地:Z=0,P=1)。黑叶猴将崖壁作为主要的休息场所,山坡和山脚为主要的移动和觅食场所。黑叶猴对栖息地的利用受食物可获得性的影响。当食物中花的可获得性降低时,猴群增加对山脚的利用;当嫩叶可获得性降低时,猴群增加在崖壁移动的频率;当果实的可获得性升高时,猴群增加在平地觅食的频率。食物组成与黑叶猴栖息地利用也有关系。总体来看,黑叶猴对山顶的利用频率与花的觅食比例呈显著正相关;对山脚的利用频率与果实+种子的觅食比例呈显著正相关。猴群在山顶休息的频率随花和成熟叶的觅食比例的上升而上升;在山脚休息的频率随果实+种子的觅食比例的上升而上升。猴群在山坡觅食的频率随果实+种子的觅食比例的下降而上升;在山脚觅食的频率随嫩叶的觅食比例的下降而上升。另外,平均最低温度与猴群在平地觅食的频率呈负相关关系。分析表明食物的分布和数量对黑叶猴栖息地利用有重要影响,黑叶猴对栖息地的选择是在觅食利益与风险之间进行权衡的结果。
A group of Francois' langurs (Trachypithecus francoisi) was studied in the Nonggang National Nature Reserve, southwest Guangxi, China, from September 2005 to August 2006. An instantaneous scan sampling method was used to collect data on patterns of habitat utilization. The aim of this study was to explore habitat selection by langurs living in a limestone forest. The results indicated that the langurs did not exploit their habitat uniformly and preferentially used particular microhabitats (χ^2=43.063, df=4, P < 0.001). For example, the langurs were observed most frequently on cliffs (36.67%±9.44% of the total record), followed by hill slopes (32.30%±9.57%), hill bottoms (14.15%±5.01%), flat zones (11.24%±8.42%), and hill-tops (5.63%±2.92%). We found no evidence of seasonal variation in patterns of habitat use (Hill-top:Z=-0.160, P=0.837;Cliff:Z=-0.320, P=0.749;Hill slope:Z=-0.480, P=0.631;Hill bottom:Z=-1.601, P=0.109;Flat zone:Z=0, P=1). However, individual microhabitats were used by the monkeys for different activities. The cliffs were frequently used as resting sites, and the hill slopes and the hill bottoms were used as both moving and feeding sites. Langur habitat use also was influenced by food availability, dietary composition, and climate. When the availability of flowers decreased, the langurs increased the time spent exploring the hill bottom. As flower consumption and mature leaf consumption increased, there was a correlated increase in the use of hilltops. In contrast, when exploiting fruits and seeds, langurs increased the time spent on hill bottoms and hill slopes. Similarly, the frequency of moving on cliffs increased in response to a decrease in the availability of young leaves. The frequency of feeding in the flat zone increased with the availability of fruits. In addition, there was a negative relationship between the average low temperature recorded during the day and the frequency that langurs fed in the flat zone. Our results indicate that the pattern of distribution and quantity of food resources acts as an important determinant of habitat use in Fran?ois' langurs inhabiting limestone forests in southwest Guangxi. Patterns of habitat use in this primate species may reflect a trade-off between foraging benefits and predation risks.
作者
陈婷
黄中豪
黄乘明
周岐海
韦华
CHEN Ting;HUANG Zhonghao;HUANG Chengming;ZHOU Qihai;WEI Hua(Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541006, China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China;Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第18期6908-6915,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31660616,31672285)
广西自然科学基金项目(2017GXNSFAA198046
2018GXNSFAA281029)
广西研究生教育创新计划项目(XYCSZ2019078)
关键词
黑叶猴
栖息地利用
喀斯特石山
Fran ois′ langur (Trachypithecus francoisi)
habitat use
karst limestone hills
