摘要
比较不同气候条件下不同通风方式对两层两列式网床鸭舍环境状况的影响。分别于寒冷(0~15℃),适宜(15~25℃)与炎热(>25℃)气候时饲养肉鸭,每次采用自然、纵向、横向与混合4种通风方式,检测舍内温度、湿度、气压、风速、NH3、CO2、PM10、PM2.5、气载细菌总数、大肠菌群及葡萄球菌的浓度变化。结果表明:寒冷气候时,3种机械通风较自然通风均可显著降低鸭舍内湿度,其中横向通风未显著降低舍温;3种气候条件下,采用纵向与混合通风方式时鸭舍内NH3、CO2浓度均为最低,其中纵向通风改善颗粒物与气载微生物浓度效果最佳。4种通风方式NH3、CO2浓度分别为1.1~3.7mg/m^3、911~2607mg/m^3,PM10与PM2.5浓度分别为234~551μg/m^3、166~361μg/m^3,气载细菌总数为5.18~5.78lg(CFU/m^3),其中大肠菌群占细菌总数比例<2%。此外,湿度与PM10、PM2.5间,PM10与气载细菌总数间均呈显著正相关。纵向通风为两层两列式网床鸭舍最优通风模式。
The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of different ventilation types on environmental conditions of meat duck house under diverse climatic conditions.Climatic conditions were categorized into cold (0~15 ℃),mild (15~25 ℃),and hot (>25 ℃).Under each climatic condition,meat ducks were raised and four different ventilation (natural,longitudinal,cross and hybrid ventilation) were selected to measure indoor temperature,humidity,barometric pressure,wind speed,NH 3,CO2,PM 10,PM 2.5,aerobic total bacteria,aerobic Staphylococcus and Escherichia.The results showed that compared with the natural ventilation,all three types of mechanical ventilation could significantly reduce the indoor humidity in the cold weather,and cross ventilation showed no significant effect on the indoor temperature.Among four ventilation types,both longitudinal and hybrid ventilation effectively reduced the indoor concentrations of NH 3 and CO2 in three climate conditions.In particular,longitudinal ventilation had the best effect on decreasing the concentration of particulate matter and airborne microorganism in duck house.The overall concentrations of four ventilation types were 1.1~3.7 mg/m^3 for NH 3,and 911~2 607 mg/m^3 for CO2;234~551 μg/m^3 for PM 10,and 166~361 μg/m^3 for PM 2.5;5.18~5.78 lg (CFU/m^3) for airborne total bacteria.The concentration of airborne Escherichia was less than 2% of the airborne total bacteria.Moreover,humidity was positively related to the concentrations of PM 10 or PM 2.5,and concentration of PM 10 was positively related to the airborne total bacteria.This study concluded that longitudinal ventilation was the most appropriate way to control environmental conditions for meat duck house with two-tier and two-column net-rearing system.
作者
林勇
赵伟
姚文
饶时庭
蒋岩
俞新鹏
王艳华
丁沛
何绍平
LIN Yong;ZHAO Wei;YAO Wen;RAO Shiting;JIANG Yan;YU Xinpeng;WANG Yanhua;DING Pei;HE Shaopin(Institute of Animal Science,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China;Key Laboratory of Crops and Livestock Integration,Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Peixian Agriculture Committee,Peixian,Jiangsu 221600)
出处
《家畜生态学报》
北大核心
2019年第9期65-71,共7页
Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology
基金
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(16)1041)
关键词
通风
气候
肉鸭
环境状况
ventilation
climatic condition
meat duck
environmental condition
