摘要
水文情势是塑造河流生态系统结构和功能特征的关键性因子.汉江是长江最大的支流,为保证汉江中下游的水量,先后实施了汉江中下游梯级渠化工程,将自然河流形态变为河道型水库,对中下游水文情势产生重大影响.这里结合水文指标法(IHA)和变化范围法(RVA),识别了丹江口、王甫洲和崔家营多级水库联合运行蓄水前后对汉江中下游水文情势及其水文改变度的耦合影响.结果表明:随着中下游梯级水库数量的增多,各站流量的整体改变度增加,但与距水库距离远近关系不大;其中沙洋站从41.6%增加到72.1%;水库蓄水后,汉江中下游流量要素中,流量变化率与频率改变度绝对值最大(平均水文改变度为61.2%),其次是高、低脉冲频率与历时、极端流量大小及历时和月平均流量值(平均水文改变度分别为59.9%、54.7%和43.0%),随着上游梯级水库数量的增多,各站水位的整体改变度大大增加,且在皇庄站以上,距离水库越远,改变度越大;水库蓄水后,汉江中下游水位要素中,月平均水位值的改变度绝对值最大(平均水文改变度为68.1%).说明梯级水库对汉江中下游流域的耦合作用与水库数量密切相关,且对水文情势尤其是水位的改变很大.
The coupling effects of Danjiangkou, Wangfuzhou and Cuijiaying Reservoir on hydrologic regime and hydrologic alteration degree of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River before and after the combined operation are analyzed using IHA (indicators of hydrologic alteration) and RVA (range of variability approach).The results show as follows.With the increase of the number of upstream cascade reservoirs, the overall alteration degree of the flow at each station increases, but it has little relation to the distance from the reservoir, in which Shayang Station increased from 41.6% to 72.1%.After reservoir impoundment, the largest alteration degree is the rate and frequency of flow condition (the average value is 61.2%), followed by frequency and duration of high and low pulses, magnitude and duration of annual extreme flow conditions, and magnitude of monthly flow conditions (the average value is 59.9%, 54.7% and 43.0%, respectively).For the water level, with the increase of the number of upstream cascade reservoirs, the overall alteration degree of each station is greatly increased:above Huangzhuang Station, the farther away from the reservoir, the greater the alteration degree.Among the water level elements of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, the magnitude of monthly water level conditions changed the most (the average value was 68.1%).The coupling effect of cascade reservoirs on the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River basin is closely related to the number of reservoirs and greatly changes the hydrological regime.
作者
王学雷
宋辛辛
WANG Xuelei;SONG Xinxin(Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China;Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation, Wuhan 430077, China;School of Geography and Tourism, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China)
出处
《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期685-691,共7页
Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41571202)
关键词
水文情势
梯级水库
耦合作用
汉江中下游
hydrologic regime
cascade reservoir
coupling
Middle-lower Hanjiang River Basin
