摘要
休闲农作制是战国秦汉时期我国北方的主要耕作方式.战国秦的授田制实际上是以休耕制为基础的土地制度.秦的授田制下,土地形态有受田、垦田、舆田、税田之分;田税种类有作物税(包括粮食税和枲税)与刍稿税之别.受田乃政府授予农户的可垦田,而垦田乃农户所能实际耕垦者,其仅为受田的部分,余则为草田.舆田乃实种的垦田,其仅占垦田的部分,余则为休耕田.税田为作物税之所出,其以舆田为征收对象.而刍稿税则以受田为征收对象.同时,结合出土简牍与传世文献来看,汉代人口与垦田的比率,基本保持在人均14亩左右;复种指数,基本保持在0.6上下,这反映的应该是早期传统农业的经济规律.
The Land distribution system in the Warring States and Qin Periods was actually based on the fallow system. Under Qin’s land distribution system,the land forms were divided into "the allocation land"(受田),"the reclamation land"(垦田),"the Yu land"(舆田) and "the taxation land"(税田),the land taxes include crop tax and the chu gao(刍稿) tax. the allocation land is the land which the government authorized farmers to cultivate,and the reclamation land is only the part that farmers can actually cultivate,the rest belongs to the grass field. the Yu land is the land which is actually planted,it only occupies part of the reclamation land,the rest belongs to the fallow land. The taxation land is the field which collects the crop tax,and the chu gao tax comes from the allocation land. At the same time, according to the unearthed literatures and literatures, the fallow system is still the main cultivation method in the Han dynasty. The ratio of the population to the reclamation area in the Han dynasty was basically about 14 mu per capita. The multiple-crop index,which is basically kept at 0.6,reflects the economic law of early traditional agriculture.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第10期125-144,共20页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金项目“出土简牍与秦汉农业研究”(项目编号:18CZS009)的阶段性成果
关键词
休耕制
授田制
舆田
税田
复种指数
The Fallow System
The Land Distribution System
the Yu Land
the Taxation Land
The Multiple-Crop Index
