摘要
目的评估使用自动化焊接设备后汽车焊装车间噪声控制水平和降噪效果。方法通过职业卫生学调查及现场检测,对某乘用车制造企业焊装车间的自动化改造前后车间内环境、主要作业岗位和主要工种的噪声进行检测。对测得结果进行配对t检验和wilcoxon检验分析。结果自动化改造前焊装车间内环境、岗位的噪声值以及个体声暴露测量值的连续等效A声级LAeq(中位值)分别为79.3dB(A)、82.9dB(A)、84.8dB(A);改造后测量值为76.4dB(A)、78.7dB(A)、74.0dB(A)。结果显示,自动化改造前后该焊装车间的内环境噪声、主要工作岗位噪声和个体声暴露的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论汽车制造企业焊装车间进行全面自动化焊接改造后,车间噪声水平明显降低,职业暴露人群数量减少,现场作业人员职业性噪声聋的发病风险低于焊接自动化改造前,并可降低职业卫生管理成本。
Objective To evaluate the noise control level and noise reduction effect of automotive welding workshop after using automated welding equipment.Methods Through the occupational hygiene investigation and on-site inspection,the noise of the workshop environment,main job posts and main types of work before and after the automation transformation of the welding equipment of the workshop in a passenger car manufacturer was tested.The paired t test and Wilcoxon test were used to analyze the measured results.Results The continuous equivalent A-level LAeq(median value)of the environment,post noise and individual sound exposure measurements in the welding shop before the automation was 79.3dB(A),82.9dB(A),and 84.8dB(A),respectively,while the LAeq(median value)values were 76.4,78.7,78.7dB(A),and 74.0dB(A),respectively,after the automation transformation.The results showed that the environmental noise,main job noise and individual sound exposure of the welding workshop before and after the automation transformation were statistically significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion The noise level of welding workshop in automobile manufacturing enterprises was obviously reduced after the comprehensive automated welding transformation.The number of occupational exposures was decreased,and the risk of noise deafness of field workers was lower than that of before the welding automation transformation.The cost of the occupational health management was reduced as well.
作者
朱亮亮
毛树国
梅勇
吴琨
吴家兵
杨少华
史伟伟
姚莉
ZHU Liangliang;MAO Shuguo;MEI Yong;WU Kun;WU Jiabing;YANG Shaohua;SHI Weiwei;YAO Li(Shiyan Prevention and Treatment Hospital For Occupational Disease,Shiyan,Hubei 442000,China;Dongfeng Motor Corp,Wuhan 430058,China;Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control,Wuhan 430064,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2019年第5期80-83,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
湖北省卫生健康委科研立项项目汽车制造行业噪声听力损伤风险评估及控制应用研究(WJ2019M046)
