摘要
2015年7月3—17日,采集天津3条典型道路路边道路交通环境中不同粒径段的PM2.5样品,分析其中的12种金属元素,并开展健康风险评价。结果表明:(1)3种典型道路上PM2.5均超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—2012)中二级日均限值(75μg/m^3)。主干道、次干道、快速路上PM2.5中金属元素累计质量浓度分别为0.68、0.74、0.67μg/m^3。(2)多数金属元素的粒径分布存在明显差异。Zn和Cu为轮胎和刹车片磨损标志物,峰值在较大粒径颗粒物上。Sb通常作为添加剂以Sb2S3的形式加入到刹车片中,峰值出现在>0.2~1.0μm粒径段。(3)Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sn、Sb和Pb的富集因子>10,受到人为源的作用。对于儿童和成人群体,全部道路路边环境的非致癌风险危险指数均大于1,具有非致癌风险。PM2.5中Cr、Co、Ni、As、Cd的致癌风险基本上均超过美国环境保护署推荐的可接受风险阈值(10-6),具有明显的致癌效应。
PM2.5 of different particle size segments were collected from three different grade roads from July 3 to July 17 in 2015 in Tianjin and 12 kinds of metal elements were analyzed. The health risks of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 were studied. The results showed that:(1) PM2.5 on the three typical roads exceeded the secondary average daily limit level (75 μg/m^3 ) of “Environmental air quality standard”(GB 3095-2012). The cumulative mass concentrations of metal elements in PM2.5 on the major road,secondary road and expressway were 0.68,0.74,0.67 μg/m^3 ,respectively.(2) There were significant differences in the particle size distribution of most metal elements. Zn and Cu were markers of tire and brake pad wear,particulately with peaks on larger particle size particles. Sb was usually added as an additive to the brake pads in the form of Sb 2S 3 ,with peaks appearing in the particle size range of >0.2-1.0 μm.(3) The enrichment factor ratio of Cr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Sn,Sb and Pb were greater than 10,which were highly enriched by the roadside and related to anthropogenic sources. The non-carcinogenic risk index of all roadside environments was greater than 1 indicating that there was non-carcinogenic risk of manganese exposure in children and adults. The carcinogenic risk of Cr,Co,Ni,As and Cd generally exceeded the acceptable risk threshold (10 -6 ) recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency,and there was a significant carcinogenic effect.
作者
张启钧
吴琳
方小珍
吴丽萍
张衍杰
毛洪钧
ZHANG Qijun;WU Lin;FANG Xiaozhen;WU Liping;ZHANG Yanjie;MAO Hongjun(Urban Transport Emission Control Research Centre/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384;Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution,East China University of Technology,Nanchang Jiangxi 330013)
出处
《环境污染与防治》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第10期1202-1206,共5页
Environmental Pollution & Control
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.21607081）
国家重点研发计划项目（No.2017YFC0212104）
天津市教委科研计划项目（No.2017KJ053）
天津城建大学博士科研启动基金资助项目
环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室开放课题（No.2017-01）
关键词
路边环境
PM2.5
重金属
粒径分布
富集因子
健康评价
roadside environment
PM2.5
heavy metals
particle size distribution
enrichment factor
health assessment
