摘要
Pu、Am、Np是3种重要的超铀核素,环境中的这些核素主要来源于人类的核活动,包括大气层核武器试验、核设施排放和核事故释放等。这些超铀核素不仅具有放射性,还兼具化学毒性。我国地域辽阔,环境土壤类型丰富,在当前核电事业蓬勃发展的背景下,建立和扩大我国环境土壤中这些重要超铀核素的“准本底”数据库是辐射环境安全评价的重要组成部分,也是公众关心的热点问题。近30多年来,研究人员对我国不同环境土壤中这几种超铀核素从不同科学角度开展了调查测量研究。本文对此进行整理和分析,对我国环境土壤中这些重要超铀核素(主要是Pu核素,还包括241Am和237Np)的来源、浓度水平和分布特征进行讨论和综述,为辐射环境安全评价奠定基础。
Pu,Am and Np are important transuranium nuclides relating to human nuclear activities including nuclear weapon tests,operating of nuclear facilities and releasing of nuclear accident.These transuranium nuclides not only have radioactivity but also have chemical toxic.With the rapid development of the nuclear power industry in China in recent years,the necessity of establishing and enlarging the baseline database of these transuranium nuclides in Chinese environment soil is highlighted.The retrievable papers and reports were reviewed to provide a comprehensive view on the source,concentration and distribution of these transuranium nuclides (Pu isotopes,241 Am and 237 Np ) in Chinese environmental soil.
作者
郭秋菊
倪有意
李思璇
GUO Qiuju;NI Youyi;LI Sixuan(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《原子能科学技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第10期2083-2091,共9页
Atomic Energy Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(11775009)
