摘要
本研究首先通过奶牛胚胎定向选配、胚胎移植技术(MOET)、全基因组检测(选择)、后备种公牛精细化饲养管理等技术集成应用,建立良种奶牛种公牛育种技术体系,为生产冷冻精液用于人工授精进行产业化示范,大量繁育良种奶牛后代起到了积极促进作用.试验结果表明,不同月龄的受体青年母牛进行胚胎移植效果比较,移植后的35天进行B超孕检,其中13.5-14、13-13.5、12.5-13月龄的青年受体母牛移植受胎率分别为56.2%、58.6%、45%,都存在显著差异,表明适合的体成熟更有利于受胎率提高.其中6、8、9、10月龄的后备种公牛的平均体重分别为247(kg)、320(kg)、351(kg)、380(kg),较行业标准平均体重高出26(kg)、36(kg)、47(kg)、27(kg);6、8、9、10月龄睾丸周径分别为24(cm)、31(cm)、34(cm)、35(cm),较行业标准平均高出2.3(cm)、4.6(cm)、5.5(cm)、4.6(cm),睾丸周径与精液的产量正相关.24、16和12月龄的后备种公牛的平均采精量分别8.7ml、4.75ml、4ml,原精的密度分别为15.3亿个/ml、16.1亿个/ml、11亿个/ml;原精的活力平均为0.65%以上;畸形率分别为14.3%、15%、17%,符合牛冷冻精液国标的标准.此外,随机使用9头后备种公牛的冷冻普通精液,分布在4个规模化牧场对适配月龄的青年母牛进行了2159头次的人工输精实验,输精后的第35天B超仪进行妊娠诊断,受胎率达到58.9%,后代母犊的比例为47.9%;利用5头后备公牛的性控分离冷冻精液进行了人工输精,青年母牛进行了1493头次输精实验,35天后B超仪进行妊娠诊断,受胎率达到了59.6%,后代母犊的比例为93.8%,两者无显著差异.上述结果表明,不同月龄的受体青年母牛的胚胎移植受胎率存在显著差异,不仅要求性成熟同时必须满足体成熟;精细化的饲养管理和科学合理的日粮构成对后备种公牛的生长发育、体尺体重及未来的产能极其关键;不同月龄段的基因组选择公牛虽然精液的产量有差异,但精液的质量指标没有显著差异,因此,可以实施12月龄进行生产,提升遗传进展.普通精液和性控冷冻精液在适配的青年母牛的情期受胎率没有显著差异,性控冷冻精液的性控准确率达到93.8%.综上结果表明,通过基因组选择可以提升公牛遗传进展,基因组后备公牛的冻精活力与受精能力明显提升,奶牛种公牛的品质得到了明显提高,为培育高产奶牛和提升奶牛养殖经济效益打下了基础.
This study integrates the application of technology include dairy cattle embryo selective mating,multiple ovulation and embryo transfer technology(MOET),whole genome analysis(selection),and young bull delicacy management to establish a good dairy stud bull breeding system,in order to prompt the production of frozen semen and large offspring flock with high quality.The pregnancy rates after embryo transfer of young cows at different ages were compared and the result showed that the pregnancy rates of young cows at the ages of 13.5-14,13-13.5 and12.5-13 months were 56.2%,58.6%,and 45%,indicating that suitable body maturation was necessary for improving the pregnancy rate.The average weight of the reserve bulls at 6,8,and 10 months old were 247 kg,320 kg,351 kg and 380 kg,which were 26 kg,36 kg,47 kg,27 kg higher than the industry standard average weight,respectively.The circumference of the testis at 6,8,and 10 months were24 cm,31 cm,34 cm and 35 cm,which were 2.3 cm,4.6 cm,5.5 cm and 4.6 cm higher than the industry standard,respectively,since testicular circumference is positively correlated with semen production performance.The average semen volume of 24,16 and 12 months old reserve bulls were 8.7 ml,4.75 ml and 4 ml,with the density of 1.53 billion/ml,1.61 billion/ml and 1.1 billion/ml,respectively.The average vitality of the original sperm was above 0.65%.The malformation rate were 14.3%,15% and 17%,which meet the national standard for bovine frozen semen.In addition,the frozen unsexed semen of 9 young stud bulls were randomly used for 2159 AI experiments in 4 large-scale dairy farms,and the pregnancy rate was 58.9% with 47.9%of cows.When the frozen sexed semen of5 bulls was used for 1493 AI experiments,the pregnancy rate was 59.6% with 93.8% of cows.The results showed that significant difference exited in the pregnancy rates of young cows at different ages post embryo transfer,which indicated that body maturaty was as important as sexual maturity.Delicacy management and scientific diets was critical for the growth and development,body weight and future productivity of young bulls.Although the yields of semen were different in the genome selection bulls at different ages,there were no significant differences in the quality.Therefore,it was possible to carry out semen production at 12 months of age to improve genetic progress.There were no significant difference in the pregnancy rates between unsexed semen and sexed semen when used in young cows.In summary,genetic improvement in bulls could be improved through genome selection and embryo transfer technique.The vitality and fertilization ability of the frozen sperm of the genome young bulls was greatly improved.The quality of dairy bulls has been significantly improved.It provides a basis for cultivating high-yield dairy cows and improving the economic benefits of dairy farming.
作者
孙伟
包向男
李永胜
王飞飞
李善铎
张铁柱
乌云高娃
于海泉
曹贵方
李喜和
SUN Wei;BAO Xiang-nan;LI Yong-sheng;WANG Fei-fei;LI Shan-duo;ZHANG Tie-zhu;WU Yun-gao-wa;YU Hai-quan;CAO Gui-fang;LI Xi-he(The State key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock,inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,China;Inner Mongolia Saikexing Reproductive Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Hohhot 011517,China;Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau,College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,China)
出处
《内蒙古大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第4期380-386,共7页
Journal of Inner Mongolia University：Natural Science Edition
基金
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFC0506702)
关键词
胚胎移植
全基因组检测
受精能力
embryo transfer
whole genome analysis
fertilization ability
