摘要
为筛选适宜在甘肃省二阴地区种植的优质青贮燕麦品种,采用随机区组设计方法,在甘肃省定西市通渭县华家岭乡研究了7个燕麦品种(陇燕1号、陇燕3号、定莜7号、坝莜9号、坝莜3号、白燕2号和晋燕17号)的产量表现和青贮发酵品质。于燕麦乳熟期刈割,分析鲜草的营养成分和微生物组成,切短至2 cm后直接青贮。60 d后开封取样,测定其营养指标、发酵指标,并进行发酵品质评定。结果表明:1)品种间鲜草产量和干物质含量差异显著(P<0.01),陇燕3号鲜草产量最高,达45257 kg·hm^-2,比定莜7号(35320 kg·hm^-2)高出28.13%。供试品种的干物质含量为31.35%~35.36%。尽管在同一块地上生长,但不同品种植株上附着的微生物组成差异显著(P<0.01),定莜7号的乳酸菌数达10 5 cfu·g^-1 FM,高于其他品种,有害微生物数量较少。2)青贮60 d后,品种间营养成分差异显著(P<0.01),陇燕3号和定莜7号的干物质含量最高,粗蛋白含量显著(P<0.01)高于其他品种,分别为10.12%和11.09%。坝莜3号(55.78%)、陇燕3号(54.27%)和定莜7号(52.16%)的中性洗涤纤维含量显著(P<0.01)高于其他各品种,陇燕3号的酸性洗涤纤维含量低于坝莜3号和定莜7号,半纤维素含量最高。3)不同品种的发酵品质差异也极显著(P<0.01)。定莜7号的pH值最低(4.13),陇燕3号次之(4.20),晋燕17号为最高(4.53)。定莜7号、陇燕3号和坝莜3号拥有较高的乳酸含量,较低的总挥发性脂肪酸和氨态氮含量,发酵品质良好。坝莜9号和晋燕17号表现较差。4)感官评定和V-Score评分结果基本一致,以陇燕3号和定莜7号的发酵品质最优,感官评定结果为1级,V-Score评分为优。综合考虑产量、营养成分和青贮发酵品质,陇燕3号适宜作为青贮燕麦品种在通渭县及类似的二阴地区种植。
This research evaluated seven oat varieties(Longyan No.1,Longyan No.3,Dinyou No.7,Bayou No.9,Bayou No.3,Baiyan No.2 and Jinyan No.17)for fresh biomass yield and fermentation quality,in order to identify the best oat variety for silage making.The experiment was conducted at Huajialing,Tongwei County in Gansu Province,and was harvested at the dough stage of grain fill.Fresh biomass,pH value and nutritional characteristics were measured;microbial counts and community analyses were undertaken by plate-culture.Fresh oat was then chopped to 2 cm lengths and ensiled.These silages were sampled 60 days after ensiling,with 3 replicates for each variety.It was found that:1)There were significant differences(P<0.01)in fresh biomass and dry matter content between the varieties;Longyan No.3 had the highest fresh biomass(45257 kg·ha^-1),28.13%higher than Dinyou No.7(35320 kg·ha^-1).The dry matter content of the seven tested varieties ranged between 31.35%and 35.36%,with Longyan No.3 and Dinyou No.7 the highest.The bacterial counts on plants also significantly differed among the varieties(P<0.01).Lactic acid bacteria on Dinyou No.7 exceeded 105 cfu·g^-1 of fresh matter,higher than the others.2)The nutrient contents also differed significantly between varieties(P<0.01)after 60 days ensiling.The crude protein contents of Longyan No.3(10.12%)and Dinyou No.7(11.09%)were significantly higher than the other varieties(P<0.01).The neutral detergent fiber content of Bayou No.3(55.78%),Longyan No.3(54.27%)and Dinyou No.7(52.16%)were significantly higher than the other varieties(P<0.01).Longyan No.3 also had lower acid detergent fiber and the highest hemicellulose content.3)The indexes of fermentation quality differed significantly among the varieties(P<0.01).Dinyou No.7 had the lowest pH value(4.13),followed by Longyan No.3(4.20),and the highest pH value was in Jinyan No.17(4.53).Silage from Dinyou No.7,Longyan No.3 and Bayou No.3 had higher content of lactic acid,lower total volatile fatty acids and lower ammonia nitrogen content,indicating a good fermentation quality.Bayou No.9 and Jinyan No.17 gave poorer fermentation quality performance.4)The results of sensory evaluations were in accordance with V-Score evaluations.Longyan No.3 and Dinyou No.7 had the best fermentation quality,with level 1 sensory evaluation.Based on yield,nutritional composition and silage fermentation quality,Longyan No.3 was identified as the best among the tested varieties for planting for silage making in Huajialing and surrounding districts.
作者
琚泽亮
赵桂琴
柴继宽
贾志峰
梁国玲
JU Ze-liang;ZHAO Gui-qin;CHAI Ji-kuan;JIA Zhi-feng;LIANG Guo-ling(College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China;Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第9期77-86,共10页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室(2017-ZJ-Y12)
国家燕麦荞麦产业体系(CARS-07-C)资助
关键词
燕麦
品种
青贮
发酵品质
乳酸菌
oat
varieties
silage
fermentation quality
lactic acid bacteria
