摘要
【目的】了解豫北潮土水浇地土壤肥力特征及其与作物产量的关系,为建立豫北潮土区水浇地合理耕层评价指标提供基础数据支撑。【方法】本研究对豫北潮土区62个样点进行了抽样调查,调查指标包括:耕层深度、犁底层厚度、土壤体积质量、紧实度、土壤p H值、土壤电导率、土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾以及耕作方式、播种、灌水、施肥。【结果】豫北潮土区田整体耕层深度16.8 cm,犁底层厚度11.2 cm;低产田耕层深度在15.2 cm,犁底层厚度11.9 cm,高产田耕层深度20.0 cm,犁底层厚度9.8 cm;高、中、低3种产田耕层土壤的平均紧实度分别为1 725、1 449、1 831 kPa,土壤的平均土壤体积质量分别为1.46、1.51、1.53 g/cm^3,pH值分别为8.47、8.39、8.39,有机质量分别为12.34、11.81、10.67 g/kg,速效磷量分别为16.05、12.84、10.89 mg/kg,速效钾量分别为156.69、157.20、120.56 mg/kg,养分主要分布于0~40 cm土层土壤;产量与耕层深度及耕层土壤速效钾、有机质、速效磷均呈显著正相关关系,与犁底层厚度、土壤紧实度及耕层土壤体积质量均呈显著负相关关系;产量与深层土壤pH值显著负相关,与深层土壤速效钾、有机质显著正相关。【结论】豫北潮土区影响作物产量的主要因素为耕层深度、犁底层厚度以及耕层土壤速效钾、有机质量,对作物产量的贡献大小为耕层深度>犁底层厚度>速效钾>有机质。
【Objective】Study the soil fertility characteristics of tidal soil irrigated land in northern Henan and its relationship with crop yield,and provide basic data support for the establishment of reasonable plough layer evaluation index for irrigated land in the tidal soil area of northern Henan.【Method】This study conducted a sample survey of 62 samples in the tidal zone of northern Henan.The survey indicators included depth of tilling layer,thickness of plow bottom layer,soil volume quality,soil compactness,soil pH,soil conductivity,soil organic matter,soil available phosphorus,soil available potassium,tillage methods,sowing,irrigation and fertilization.【Result】The overall tillage depth of the field in the tidal soil area of northern Henan was 16.8 cm,and the thickness of the plow floor was 11.2 cm.The depth of the low-yielding field was 15.2 cm,the thickness of the plow layer was 11.9 cm,the depth of plough layer was 20.0 cm,and the thickness of plough bottom was 9.8 cm.The average compactness of high,medium and low yield fields in the ploughed soil were 1 725,1 449,1 831 kPa,the average soil volume quality of high,medium and low yield fields were 1.46,1.51,1.53 g/cm3,the average soil pH of high,medium and low yield fields were 8.47,8.39,8.39,the average organic matter content of high,medium and low yield fields were 12.34,11.81,10.67 g/kg,the average available phosphorus contents of high,medium and low yield fields were 16.05,12.84,10.89 mg/kg,the average available potassium of high,medium and low yield fields were 156.69,157.20,120.56 mg/kg,respectively,and the nutrients were mainly distributed in 0~40 cm soil.The yield was significantly positively correlated with depth of tilling layer,soil available potassium,soil organic matter and soil available phosphorus of the topsoil,and was significantly negatively correlated with thickness of plow bottom layer,soil compactness and soil volume quality of the topsoil.The yield was significantly negatively correlated with deep soil pH,and significantly positively correlated with deep soil available potassium and deep soil organic matte.【Conclusion】The main factors affecting crop yield in the tidal soil area of northern Henan are the depth of tilling layer,the thickness of plow bottom layer,and the soil available potassium and the soil organic matter in the plough layer.The contribution to crop yield is the depth of tilling layer>the thickness of plow bottom layer>the soil available potassium>soil organic matter.
作者
刘战东
张凯
米兆荣
黄超
马岩川
余轩
孙景生
范昆
黄四清
李长有
张景忙
LIU Zhandong;ZHANG Kai;MI Zhaorong;HUANG Chao;MAYanchuan;YU Xuan;SUN Jingsheng;FAN Kun;HUANG Siqing;LI Changyou;ZHANG Jingmang(Key Laboratory for CropWater Requirement and Its Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture,Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453002,China;Qinyang Meteorological Bureau,Henan province,Qinyang 454550,China;Guang Li Irrigation Authority,Jiaozuo City,Henan Province,Qinyang 454550,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第8期31-37,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503117)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-14)
国家自然科学基金项目(51309226)
关键词
潮土
产量
耕层
犁底层
土壤
相关性分析
fluvo-aquic soil
yield
tilling layer
plow bottom layer
soil
correlation analysis
