摘要
本研究主要对河南省奶牛场使用的进口苜蓿干草进行质量分级研究。从2016年8月至2017年8月,在111家奶牛场采集有效进口苜蓿草捆样本272个,计37个品牌,分析其营养成分含量并进行质量分级。结果发现苜蓿干草粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维等成分变异范围较大。干草样本中,61.76%的CP值大于18%,41.54%的RFV值大于150,32.72%的NDF值小于40%,61.40%的ADF值小于32%。9.93%的粗灰分含量大于12.5%,原因多由砂土过多引起,个别也存在人为掺假现象。苜蓿干草的CP、ADF水平可与质量分级标准相匹配,而RFV、NDF标准则无法与标准相匹配,分别要低1~2个等级。质量在一级以上的干草占37.50%,二级以上的占72.43%,三级草占27.57%。其中8.82%的干草因CP水平低而被降级,53.69%因RFV水平低而被降级,57.71%因库存时间长被降级。研究显示,当前我国进口苜蓿干草质量不一,NDF含量高是造成降级的主要原因,这与进口苜蓿的二次加压加工工艺有关,也与进口苜蓿贮存期较长有关。
This experiment was conducted to study the quality grading of imported alfalfa hay in Henan Province.From August 2016 to August 2017,totally 272 samples of valid imported alfalfa bales were collected from 111 dairy farms,totaling 37 brands,and their nutrient contents were analyzed and classified.The results showed that the components of crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)of alfalfa hay varied widely.The CP value of 61.76%hay was more than 18%,relative feed value(RFV)of 41.54%hay was more than 150,the NDF value of 32.72%hay was less than 40%,and the ADF value of 61.40%hay was less than 32%.The Ash content of 9.93%hay was more than 12.5%,which were caused by excessive sand,or adulterated.The levels of CP or ADF of alfalfa hay could match the quality grading standards,while the RFV or NDF contents couldn’t match the grading standards,which was lower by 1 to 2 grades respectively.The quality of hay above good-grade accounted for 37.50%,above fair-grade accounted for 72.43%,and utility-grade account for 27.57%.8.82%of hay was downgraded because of lower CP level,53.69%downgraded because of lower RFV level,and 57.71%because of long storage time.At present,the quality of imported alfalfa hay is different in China.The higher NDF content is the main reason for the degradation,which is related to the secondary pressure processing technology and the long storage period of imported alfalfa.
作者
王清华
郭会茹
郑爱荣
贺永惠
牛岩
王跃先
WANG Qing-hua;GUO Hui-ruo;ZHNEG Ai-rong;HE Yong-hui;NIU Yan;WANG Yao-xian(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003;Forage and Feed Station of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450008)
出处
《中国奶牛》
2019年第8期60-63,共4页
China Dairy Cattle
基金
河南省畜牧业发展资金(奶业发展专项)
国家级大学生创新实验项目(201810467006)
