摘要
为调整与事实信息有关的财产权益纠纷,美国在其普通法中确立了信息盗用制度。该制度形成于百年前的“美联社案”,历经“全美篮球协会案”等重要判例的发展,在当今大数据时代仍具有不可替代的适用价值。信息盗用制度根植于反不正当竞争,核心要义在于为事实信息提供强度适中的有限度保护而非赋予其绝对性财产权,典型要件包括信息权益者投入了劳动与成本、信息盗用者实施了搭便车行为、双方之间具有竞争关系、搭便车行为对信息权益者造成了损害、信息具有一定时效性等。以信息盗用制度为基础构建我国的数据盗用规则在保护客体、裁判精神和立法规范等层面均具有正当性,应在我国《反不正当竞争法》中新增相应条款,并在司法适用时参酌数据的性质与目的、被盗用数据的数量、产出原有数据所需的劳动和投资、数据盗用的市场影响、原有数据的时效性等因素。
In order to regulate the dispute over property right and interest of factual information,the USA established the Misappropriation Doctrine in common law,which was formed in the case of Associated Press one hundred years ago and underwent development through important precedents such as the case of NBA,and still has irreplaceable application value in current era of big data.Misappropriation doctrine is rooted in anti-unfair competition,and its core lies in providing limited protection for factual information instead of regarding it as an absolute property right,with typical elements including that the information right and interest holder invests labor and cost,the information misappropriator conducts free riding,both parties are in a competitive relation,the free riding causes harm to the information right and interest holder,and the information enjoys time-sensitiveness.It is legitimate to establish data misappropriation rules of China on basis of the Misappropriation Doctrine in terms of protected object,adjudicating principles and legislative rules,so corresponding provisions should be added to the Anti-unfair Competition Law and several factors should be taking into consideration at the time of judicial application.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第11期145-161,共17页
Political Science and Law
基金
2018年国家社科基金重大项目“互联网经济的法治保障研究”(项目编号:18ZDA149)
2019年重庆市研究生科研创新项目“个人敏感信息保护制度研究”(项目编号:CYB19138)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
信息盗用
数据
竞争法
准财产权
Misappropriation
Data
the Case of Associated Press
Competitive Relation
Quasi-Property Right
