摘要
目的了解桂林市农村环境健康危害因素的水平与动态变化,评价桂林市农村环境卫生状况,为制定有针对性的农村环境卫生改善措施提供依据。方法采用随机的方法选取桂林市雁山区4个乡镇的20个行政村为监测点,再随机选择监测户5户,共计100户家庭作为监测对象进行问卷调查。监测的行政村取土壤样本1份。结果桂林市农村居民家庭收入的主要来源为外出务工(45. 0%)和农业(43. 0%);家庭所使用的燃料主要为煤气(50. 0%)和电(22. 0%);49. 3%的人口采用集中式供水;饮用水主要为开水和桶装水;卫生户厕占86. 8%,厕所环境清洁、无臭味、无蝇蛆的比例分别为67. 0%、58. 0%和76. 0%;83. 0%的家庭使用农药;生活垃圾统一收集的村占85. 0%,处理方式全部是转运;生活污水排放方式主要是明沟排放占60. 0%,排放地点主要为坑塘、农田、河流;调查农户房屋周围病媒生物孳生地排在前3位的为鸡鸭鹅圈、污水沟和垃圾投放点,50. 0%厨房有鼠迹,77. 0%厨房有苍蝇,53. 0%厨房有蟑迹;20份土壤均未检测到蛔虫卵,镉超标率50. 0%,铬超标率5. 0%,砷超标率5. 0%。结论桂林市农村环境卫生状况有待加强,其中集中式供水覆盖率不高,生活污水及生活垃圾不合理排放,病媒生物密度水平较高,土壤中的镉超标率高,这些都是今后农村家庭环境卫生工作的重点。
Objective To understand the level and dynamic changes of rural environmental hazards in Guilin City,and to evaluate the environmental sanitation status of Guilin City,and to provide a theoretical basis for the government to develop rural environmental sanitation improvements. Methods A total of 20 administrative villages in 4 townships in Yanshan District were selected as monitoring sites. And 5 households were randomly selected for monitoring and a total 100 households were selected as monitoring objects for questionnaire survey. One soil sample from each administrative village was monitored. Results The main sources of income for rural households in Guilin City were migrant workers and agriculture( 45. 0% and 43. 0% respectively);the fuel used by households was mainly gas and electricity( 50. 0% and 22. 0% respectively);centralized water supply coverage is 49. 3%;drinking water is mainly boiling water and bottled water;household toilets account for 86. 8% of the total households,with clean toilets makes up 67. 0%,odorless 58. 0%,and fly and maggots free 76. 0% respectively;83. 0% of households use pesticides;85. 0% of the villages adopts collective collection for household garbage,and the treatment methods are all transshipment;the discharge method of household sewage is open ditch,which makes up 60. 0% of the total discharge,and the discharge sites are mainly ponds,farmland,and rivers;the top 3 most common vector breeding sites around the houses are chicken,duck and goose coops,sewer/drains,and garbage dumping points. 50. 0% of the kitchen are with mouse tracks,77. 0% with flies,and 53. 0% with cockroach;no traces of mites are detected in the 20 soils. The cadmium exceeding rate is50. 0%,the chromium exceeding rate is 5. 0%,and the arsenic exceeding rate is 5. 0%. Conclusion The environmental sanitation status of Guilin City needs to be strengthened. The centralized water supply coverage is not high,the discharge of household sewage garbage is not reasonable,the level of vector density is high,and the rate of cadmium in soil is too high,which should be a focus in rural household environmental hygiene work in the future.
作者
何柳莹
黄茜
秦友燕
黄丽
雷榜育
HE Liuying;HUANG Qian;QIN Youyan;HUANG Li;LEI Bangyu(Guilin Center far Disease Control and Prevention,Guangxi 541001,China)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2019年第11期1029-1032,1036,共5页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
2017年中央补助广西公共卫生专项资金水和环境卫生监测项目(桂卫爱卫发[2017]1号)
关键词
农村
环境卫生
调查分析
Rural
Environmental sanitation
Investigation and analysis
