摘要
目的 了解2018年重庆市新确诊矽肺病病例流行病学特征,为重庆市尘肺病防治政策的制定提供参考依据。方法 对2018年1月1日-2018年12月31日“中国疾病控制信息系统”子系统“健康危害因素监测信息系统”中报告的重庆市新确诊矽肺病病例资料进行分析。结果 2018年重庆市新确诊矽肺病352例,壹期163例(46.31%),贰期95例(26.99%),叁期94例(26.70%),患者中有用人单位的189例(53.69%);无用人单位的163例(46.31%),有无用人单位的矽肺病患者期别分布比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=95.131,P<0.01);无用人单位的贰期和叁期尘肺病病例(80.37%)明显多于有用人单位的病例(30.68%)。患者发病年龄平均(52.68±9.49)岁,接尘工龄中位数15年,无用人单位的矽肺病患者平均发病年龄(51.08岁)比有用人单位的(54.05岁)短,而接尘工龄(18.00岁)比有用人单位的(12.00岁)长。工种以采矿工、主掘进工、打钻工、石工和粉碎工为主,行业主要集中在烟煤和无烟煤开采洗选业、有色金属矿采选业和非金属矿采选业等。结论 2018年重庆市矽肺病危害较为严重,表现为病情重、行业集中、存在无确切用工单位的农民工患者,职业卫生监督管理部门及相关政府机构应关注这类丧失用工主体的农民工,展开专项调查,摸清底数,对其做好职业病筛查及随访工作,对确诊患者给予救济补助,避免这类人群因病致贫和因病返贫。
Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed silicosis cases in Chongqing in 2018,provide reference for the formulation of the prevention and control policy of pneumoconiosis in Chongqing.Methods Data of newly diagnosed silicosis cases in Chongqing reported from the Health Hazards Monitoring Information System of the China Disease Control Information System from January 1,2018 to December 31,2018 were analyzed.Results In 2018,a total of 352 new cases of silicosis were diagnosed in Chongqing,including 163 cases of stageⅠ(46.31%),95 cases of stageⅡ(26.99%),and 94 cases of stageⅢ(26.70%).There were 189 cases(53.69%)of patients with employer and 163 cases(46.31%)of patients without employer.There was statistically significant difference in stage distribution between patients with and without employer(χ2=95.131,P<0.01).The number of stageⅡandⅢpneumoconiosis cases in patients without employer(80.37%)was significantly higher than that in patients with employer(30.68%).The average age of onset of the patients was 52.68±9.49 years old,and the median duration of dust exposure was 15 years.The average onset age of silicosis patients without employer(51.08 years old)was shorter than that of patients with employer(54.05 years old),and the working age of dust exposure(18.00 years)was longer than that of patients with employer(12.00 years).The main types of work were mining,tunneling,drilling,masonry and crushing.The industries were mainly concentrated in bituminous and anthracite mining and washing industry,nonferrous metal mining and non-metallic mining.Conclusion The harm of silicosis in Chongqing is relatively serious in 2018,which is manifested as serious illness and concentrated industry,and the presence of migrant workers without definite employment units.Occupational health supervision and administration departments should pay attention to these migrant workers without work units,carry out the special investigation to find out the basic information,take occupational disease screening and follow-up work,give the patients diagnosed with occupational diseases relief subsidy to prevent such people from getting sick and returning to poverty.
作者
王小皙
张华东
WANG Xiao-xi;ZHANG Hua-dong(Institute of Public Health and Safety Monitoring,Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing,400042,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2019年第18期2477-2479,2484,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
矽肺病
用人单位
流行病学特征
Silicosis
Work units
Epidemiological characteristics
